Fig. 4. Effects of XSu(H)Ank and XSu(H)DBM on cell cycle regulation and determination. (A,B) Stage 41 retina lipofected with XSu(H) constructs plus GFP. (A) XSu(H)Ank. (B) XSu(H)DBM. (C) Immunostaining of XSu(H)Ank lipofected retina with R5 antibody (red), a Müller glial cell marker. Cells expressing XSu(H)Ank are green. The processes of the basal side of the lipofected cells show R5 staining. (D) Distribution of retinal cell type in stage 41 retina lipofected with XSu(H) constructs at stage 15. (E) Effect of XSu(H)Ank and XSu(H)DBM on BrdU incorporation into Müller glial cells. The construct was lipofected at stage 15. After injection of BrdU at stage 34, the ratio of BrdU-positive cells in Müller glial cells was analysed at stage 41. XSu(H)Ank stops the cell cycle in the precursors earlier than the natural timing. (F) Effect of XSu(H)Ank on the ratio of phosphohistone H3-positive cells. After lipofection of the construct at stage 15, the ratio of phosphohistone H3-positive cells in the lipofected cell population was measured at stage 36. (G) Model of Müller glial cell generation in retina overexpressing XSu(H)Ank.