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Fig. 5. (A) Antisense oligonucleotides to Fgfr1 decrease branching morphogenesis of E12 SMGs; a representative photograph of each group is shown. (B) At least 6 glands at each timepoint were photographed and the number of terminal buds was counted. An unpaired t-test was used to compare branching. There was a significant decrease in the number of buds in the antisense-treated glands (**P<0.003). (C) Antisense oligonucleotide uptake into the mesenchyme (M) and the epithelial bud (E) was detected at 44 hours in a 7 µm optical section taken by confocal microscopy. (D) Antisense oligonucleotides to Fgfr1 decrease Fgfr1c expression by ~75% and Fgfr11b expression by~25%. The expression of Fgfr11b and Fgfr1c were normalized to expression levels of Gapd.