Fig. 3. Generation and characterization of retroviral vectors. (A) The structure of the retroviral constructs generated for ANSC infection. (B) Emx2 overexpression in ANSCs is stable for up to 3 months in culture as shown by quantitative analysis of HA immunoreactivity. (C) As shown by immunofluorescence, following exposure to G418, 70-80% of the cells displayed nuclear HA immunoreactivity (right panel). (Left panel) DAPI staining of nuclei to determine total cell numbers. Bar: 10 µm.