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Fig. 1. PD184352 and dnRAS mRNA injections block FGF/MEK-dependent events in Ciona embryos. (A) control embryo at larval stage. (B) Overall morphology of a dnRAS mRNA injected embryo. (C) Overall morphology of a PD184352-treated embryo. (D-G) Cibra in situ hybridisation. (D) Control embryos; (E) embryos injected with dnRas mRNA; F) control embryo, dorsal view with anterior upwards; (G) embryo cultured in PD184352 from the eight-cell stage onwards (100% negative, n=37). (H-L) Ci-otx in situ hybridisation. (H) Control embryo dorsal view with anterior upwards; (I-L) a4.2 explants cultured in (I) BSA/sea water, (J) BSA/sea water plus 2 µM PD184352, (K) 2 µM PD184352+100 ng/ml bFGF or (L) FGF alone.