Fig. 1. vcs mutants show temperature-dependent defects in leaf development. (A-C) Plants grown at 22°C; 15-day wild type (A) has broad leaves, whereas the 15-day vcs mutant (B) produces narrow curled leaves. Following prolonged growth (C; 25-day shown), vcs develops flowers, but no seeds are produced. (D-F) Plants grown at 16°C; 16-day wild type (D) produces broad leaves, and the 16-day vcs produces broad, but pointed leaves (E). At this temperature, vcs can be grown on soil, produce flowers and set seed (F), but the mutant plant has short inflorescence stems and reduced apical dominance (wild type on the left and vcs on the right). (G-I) Plants grown at 29°C; 11-day wild type produces broad leaves (G), whereas the 11-day vcs mutant appears chlorotic and produces small epinastic leaves (H). Prolonged growth at 29°C in vcs results in a few additional leaf-like organs, and an enlarged callus-like apex (I). (J-P) Roots of wild type and vcs mutants: (J,K) 16°C-grown 7-day wild type and vcs, respectively; (L,M) 22°C-grown 4-day wild type and vcs, respectively; (N-P) 29°C-grown 4-day wild type (N) and vcs (O,P). A high magnification image of the vcs root (P) shows the swollen root hairs. Scale bars: (A-O) 1 mm; (P) 100 µm.