Fig. 4. SEM analysis of vcs leaf defects. (A) Ler 9-day 29°C-grown; (B-D) vcs 9-day 29°C-grown, showing adaxial (B), side (C) and abaxial (D) views. (E-G) Trichome from 9-day 29°C-grown Ler (E) and vcs (F-G) leaves. (H-M) Leaf adaxial cells; the images were taken at a position half way down the leaf and midway between the margin and the center of the leaf. Typical arrangements of stomatal guard cells and pavement cells are present in Ler grown at 16°C for 15 days (H), 22°C for 12 days (I) and 29°C for 9 days (J), and in vcs grown at 16°C for 15 days (K) and 22°C for 12 days (L), however in vcs grown for 9 days at 29°C (M) no typical pavement cells could be detected. The abaxial leaf surface is typically uneven, and composed of stomatal guard cells and small irregularly shaped cells, such as shown for Ler grown at 16°C for 15 days (N), 22°C for 12 days (O) and 29°C for 9 days (P). The abaxial leaf surface of vcs grown at 16°C for 15 days (Q) and 22°C for 12 days (R) appeared similar to the wild type. The abaxial surface of the 9-day 29°C-grown leaf (S) contained stomatal complexes, but no small irregularly shaped cells were present. Scale bars: (A) 1 mm; (B,C,D) 500 µm; (E) 200 µm, (F, G) 100 µm; (H-M) 40 µm, (N-S) 50 µm.