Fig. 4. (A-C) Viability of nec⁹, nec¹ and wild-type (WT) flies at 18°C (A), 25°C (B) and 29°C (C). The survival of nec⁹ flies, homologous to Z-variant ₁-antitrypsin, is greatly reduced at 25°C and 29°C compared with that of wild-type flies. nec¹ flies have shorter survival times than nec⁹, but survive about twice as long as complete null alleles (nec²/nec¹⁹, data not shown). (D-F) Viability of transgenic flies overexpressing wild-type or mutant Nec in a nec⁺ genetic background (Gal4-Act5c/+; nec^UAS/+) at 18°C (D), 25°C (E) and 29°C (F). (G) Viability of transgenic females overexpressing mutant Nec at 29°C in the fat body (Gal4-Yp/+; nec^UAS/+). Sibling males for these genotypes, in which the Yp promotor is inactive, were all healthy and the combined data for all three strains has been plotted as a control.