Fig. 6. XMAN1 antagonizes the BMP pathway. XMAN1 does not suppress the expression of BMP4 (A) or induce BMP antagonists (B). RT-PCR analyses for BMP4 (A), noggin and chordin (B) with animal caps at the equivalent of stage 10.5. (C) XMAN1 acts synergistically with Noggin in neural induction. Real-time RT-PCR analyses for nrp1 and Xotx2 with animal caps at the equivalent of stage 25. EF-1 was used as an internal control, and each bar was normalized to the level of EF-1 expression. Representative data from three independent experiments are shown. Doses of injected mRNA (pg/embryo): XMAN1, 200; noggin, 2. (D) XMAN1 blocks the BMP pathway. RT-PCR analysis for Xhox3, Msx1 and Xbra with animal caps at the equivalent of stage 10.5. (E) Suppression of BMP-dependent Xvent2-Luc activation by XMAN1 constructs. Alk3*, activated form of type I BMP receptor; GL3-Luc, control luciferase construct.