Fig. 1. Experimental design. Five sets of differentially expressed genes (I-V, triangles) were defined by indirect comparisons between males and hermaphrodites with and without a germline. For each set of genes, the wide, yellow end of the triangle abuts the sample with higher expression levels, while the blue tip of the triangle points to the sample with lower expression levels. The number of differentially expressed genes is listed within the triangle. For the N2 hermaphrodite and glp-4 hermaphrodite comparison (set I), both L4 and adult stages were included. All samples were compared indirectly through use of a common reference, except fem-1(lf) was compared directly with fem-3(gf).