Fig. 5. The MESD chaperone protein increases the membrane localization and signaling activity of LRP6. (A) MESD increases the membrane localization of LRP6. LRP6 and LRP6N were fused with YFP at their C termini, and expressed in 293 cells with or without co-expression of MESD. The subcellular localization of wild-type and mutant LRP6 was examined by confocal fluorescence microscopy. (B) MESD increases the signaling activity of LRP6. 293 cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids together with TOP-FLASH and CMV-Renilla. The luciferase activities were normalized for Renilla luciferase activities.