Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy of Pc-G mutants. (A) Wild-type leaf, abaxial epidermis. (B) emf2-10 leaf, abaxial epidermis. The surface is extremely uneven compared with wild type. (C) Wild-type fifth rosette leaf. The leaf was frozen and fractured to reveal internal anatomy transverse to leaf length axis. The leaf is patterned along dorsal-ventral axis into epidermal cells (e), a palisade mesophyll layer (p), and a spongy mesophyll (s) (D) Fifth rosette leaf of emf2-10 plant of similar age. A similar arrangement of cell types is seen as in wild type, but the cells are smaller. (E) emf2-10 flower showing contorted silique. (F) Wild-type flower showing abaxial epidermi of sepals (se) and petals (pe). The sepal epidermis contains characteristic highly elongated cells (arrow); however, the margin lacks the elongated cells and has smaller, more regularly sized cells (arrowhead). (G) emf2-10 sepal, elongated cells extend to the margin. (H) emf2-10 flower showing carpelloid sepal. The organ has elongated cells typical of sepals but stigmatic papillae (arrowhead) and stylar cells (arrow) characteristic of carpels. (I) Wild-type petal, abaxial surface, note lack of stomates. (J) emf2-10 petal, abaxial surface. Note presence of stomates (arrow) and cell shape, characteristic of stamen epidermis. (K) swn-1 clf-50 inflorescence. The sepals show weak homeotic conversion to carpelloid organs. Arrowheads indicate stigmatic papillae. (L) Radialised organ (arrow) with stigmatic papillae arising from inflorescence stem of swn-1 clf-50 double mutant in position where stipule would normally arise. (M) swn-3 clf-50 double mutant. Organs arise with disorganised phyllotaxy. Note lack of trichomes, cells lack wall thickening and are isodiametric. (N) swn-2 clf-50 plant showing radialised organs. Scale bar: 100 µm throughout.