Fig. 3. Early expression of Bmp receptors and Msx1 induce apoptosis and decrease proliferation. TUNEL labeling (A-D) and BrdU incorporation (F-I) in embryos electroporated at HH10-12 with ca-Bmpr1a/b or Msx1 as indicated and viewed at 24 (A,B,F,G) or 48 (C,D,H,I) hpe. (E,J) Graphs showing number of TUNEL⁺ (E) or BrdU⁺ (J) cells/section (mean±s.e.m., n=16 sections from at least four embryos; ^***P<0.001). hpe, hour post-electroporation. In all panels, left is the control side and right is the electroporated side. Scale bar: 150 µm.