Fig. 6. bNCSC-derived sensory neurons are physiologically functional and of different subclasses. Kinetic profiles of Ca²⁺ transients of single cells in bNCSC cultures, as well as in dissociated adult dorsal root ganglion cells. Each track indicates the change of the ratiometric fluorescence signal (F) from a single neuron during its response to stimuli. The duration of the stimuli is depicted underneath the curve by black horizontal bars. (A) Three different cell types with a differential response to capsaicin and hypo-osmolarity showing the presence of both mechanoinsensitive and mechanosensitive nociceptors. The bottom traces could represent either a non-nociceptive mechanoreceptor or a mechanosensitive capsaicin-insensitive nociceptor. The vertical bars represent a F of 0.1. (B) Three different cell types with a differential response to cold, menthol and capsaicin, showing the presence of both innocuous cool and noxious cold receptors, as well as a cold responsive cell not expressing TRP channels. The vertical bars represent a F of 0.05. Abbreviations: bNCSC, boundary cap neural crest stem cell; DRG, dorsal root ganglion; Hypoosm, 30% hypoosmolarity; KCl, 100 mM potassium chloride.