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Fig. 9. The dynamic localization of SPE-38 requires MO fusion, but SPE-38 is not required for the dynamic localization of other sperm membrane proteins. (A) Confocal/multiphoton images of wild-type spermatids stained with DAPI (blue), anti-SPE-38 antibody (red) and the monoclonal antibody 1CB4 (Okamoto et al., 1985), which binds to an MO-associated antigen (green). Partial co-localization (yellow) of SPE-38 and 1CB4 staining is shown in the merged image. (B) Anti-SPE-38 immunolocalization in fer-1(hc17ts) mutant sperm, which fail to undergo MO fusion during spermiogenesis. Staining is detectable in fixed, permeabilized spermatids and spermatozoa, but not in live, non-permeabilized cells. (C) Localization of the 1CB4 antigen (green), SPE-9 (red) and DNA (blue) in wild-type and spe-38 sperm.