Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of the Snail superfamily. This tree is updated from a previous version (Nieto, 2002) with 22 new members. The different family members are grouped into two families: Snail (blue) and Scratch (pink). Vertebrates have three Snail members: Snail1 (previously Snail), Snail2 (previously Slug) and Snail3 (previously Smuc). Am, Acropora millepora (coral); Bf, Branchiostoma floridae (amphioxus); Ce, Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode); Ci, Ciona intestinalis (ascidia); Cs, Cupiennius salei (spider); Dm, Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly); Dr, Danio rerio (zebrafish); Em, Eublepharis macularius (gecko); Gg, Gallus gallus (chicken); Hr, Halocynthia roretzi (ascidian); Hro, Helobdella robusta (leech); Hs, Homo sapiens (human); Lv, Lytechinus variegatus (green sea urchin); Mc, Mauremys caspica (turtle); Mm, Mus musculus (mouse); Nv, Nematostella vectensis (anemone); Pc, Podocoryne carnea (jellyfish); Pv, Patella vulgata (mollusc); Sc, Scyliorhinus canicula (shark); Sp, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin); Tr, Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish); Xl, Xenopus laevis (African clawed toad); Xt, Xenopus tropicalis (western clawed frog).