Fig. 1. Phylogenetic distribution of nectaries in angiosperms. Non-eudicot angiosperms have floral nectaries in the perianth, or nectary tissues are not conspicuously developed. In eudicots, floral nectaries are mostly associated with reproductive organs, although some examples of perianth nectaries exist. The angiosperm phylogeny is based on that of Soltis et al. (Soltis et al., 2000). Orders with extrafloral nectaries are marked bold with an asterisk. Extrafloral nectaries are found only within eudicots and monocots. The extrafloral nectary distribution is based on that of Elias (Elias, 1983) and locations of floral nectaries are primarily based on those of Brown (Brown, 1938) and others (Endress, 1986; Endress, 2001; Proctor et al., 1996; Ronse DeCraene, 2004; von Balthazar and Endress, 2002). Groups reported as not having nectaries are indicated (–). Austrobaileyaceae and Amborellaceae were marked with a question mark, as the possible nectar secretion on the tip of carpels has not been characterized. Taxa used in this study and the positions of nectaries in these taxa are indicated. ax, leaf axil (Capparis flexuosa); le, abaxial midvein of leaf (Gossypium hirsutum); se, sepal (Gossypium hirsutum); pe, petal (Aquilegia formosa); st, stamen (Arabidopsis thaliana, Lepidium africanum, Cleome sparsifolia); ca, carpel (Petunia hybrida, Nicotiana benthamiana, Grevillea robusta).