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Fig. 2. Cited2-null hearts display cardiac looping defects and atrial isomerism. (A-C) Scanning electron micrographs showing ventral views of hearts at 9.5 dpc (23 somites). The head, tail and the pericardium were removed. (A) Cited2 wild-type heart showing a normal D (rightward) loop. (B) Cited2-null heart showing an abnormal D loop. The left ventricle is ventrally displaced and occupies a more central position than normal. (C) Cited2-null heart showing an abnormal L (leftward) loop. (D-F) Right atrial isomerism is observed in Cited2-null embryos with abnormal heart loops. Ventral views of hearts from 10.5 dpc show expression of the MLC3F-nlacZ-2E transgene. (D) A Cited2 wild-type heart shows a normal D (rightward) loop and asymmetric MLC3F-nlacZ-2E transgene. (E) A Cited2-null heart shows a normal D loop and asymmetric MLC3F-nlacZ-2E transgene. (F) A Cited2-null heart shows an L (leftward) loop and strong bilateral expression of the MLC3F-nlacZ-2E transgene, indicating right atrial isomerism. Arrows indicate orientation of the outflow tract. A, atrium; R L, right-left axis. Scale bar: 100 µm.