Fig. 4. Phenotypes caused by Sall4 haploinsufficiency. (A) Anal stenosis (above) and megacolon (below) of 5-week-old Sall4-heterozygous mice. Black arrowhead, anus in wild type; open arrowhead, imperforate anus in the heterozygotes. (B) Ventricular septum defect in Sall4 heterozygotes at E18.5. Black arrowhead, ventricular septum in wild-type; open arrowhead, ventricular septum defect in the heterozygotes. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. (C) Normal formation of digits, metacarpus and metatarsus in new born Sall4 heterozygotes. Stained with Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red S. (D) Normal formation of abducens nuclei (arrowhead) and facial nerve (arrow) in 8-week-old Sall4 heterozygotes. Serial sections were examined by Klüver-Barrera staining. (E) Normal development of inner ear structure in Sall4 heterozygotes at E17.5. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. (F) Exencephaly of Sall4-heterozygous mice at E14.5.