Fig. 6. Grip75 and Grip128 anchor microtubules at the nucleus. (A-C) Wild-type (A), Grip75¹⁷⁵ (B) and Grip128³⁵² (C) mutant sperm were stained for -tubulin (green) and DNA (red). Nuclei are located at one end of a sperm bundle in wild-type testes but are dispersed along the bundle in mutant testes. (D-F) Wild-type (D), Grip75¹⁷⁵ (E) and Grip128³⁵² (F) mutant elongating spermatids were stained for -tubulin (green) and DNA (red). In wild-type spermatids, -tubulin is associated with the nucleus, whereas this association is frequently lost in mutant spermatids (arrows). (G-M) EM cross-sections of wild-type (G,K), Grip75¹⁷⁵ (H,L) and Grip128³⁵² (J,M) mutant axonemes in early (G-J) or late (K-M) stages of axoneme assembly. Scale bars: 100 nm.