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Fig. 6. Representative RT-PCR analysis of marker gene expression in animal cap explants induced to anterior neural differentiation by microinjection of the Otx2 or Noggin mRNA in conditions of Ras-dva functioning downregulation. (A,B) Ras-dva downregulation by co-injection of the anti-Ras-dva MO or DN-Ras-dvaT22N mutant mRNA inhibits induction by Otx2 (A) or Noggin (B) of the neural plate and cranial placodal markers (BF-1, Otx2 and Xag-2) but promotes expression of the neural inhibitors (BMP-4, Vent-1, Vent-2B). Expression of the pan-neural marker NCAM does not change when Ras-dva is downregulated.