Fig. 4. Overexpression of dPSR results in phenotypes similar to hid and dronc null flies. Male flies of the genotype w; act5C-GAL4/+ (A), w; act5C-GAL4/UAS-dPSR (B), w; hid^P05414/H99 (C), and dronc¹²⁴/dronc¹²⁹(D). The black lines above the fly indicate the alignment of the genitals. Rotated genitalia can be observed in flies that lack hid or dronc as well as those that overexpress dPSR ubiquitously. (E) The penetrance of the rotation defect was observed to be similar in w; hid⁰⁵⁰¹⁴/H99 compared to w; hid⁰⁵⁰¹⁴, dPSR^FM1/H99, dPSR^FM1 males (n=74 and 61 males, respectively). (The penetrance of rotation in act5C-GAL4/UAS-dPSR flies was 54%, n=642, and 100% for dronc¹²⁴/dronc¹²⁹ escapers, n=8.) (F-H) Expression of dPSR under control of the apterous driver resulted in wing phenotypes similar to those of hid and dronc mutants. (F) yw; apterous-GAL4/UAS-dPSR, (G) w; hid^P05414/H99, and (H) dronc¹²⁴/dronc¹²⁹. The ballooned wing phenotype (G,H) was observed in 39% and a wavy wing phenotype (F) was observed in 54% of 59 apterous-GAL4/UAS-dPSR flies analyzed. The ballooned wing phenotype was observed in 100% of eight dronc¹²⁴/dronc¹²⁹ flies examined, and 100% of 20 hid flies.