Fig. 7. Expansion of Dpp signaling in A. gambiae dorsal ectoderm. Mosquito (A.g.) and fruitfly (D.m.) embryos were hybridized with short gastrulation (sog; A,B,F) or tolloid (tld; C,G,H) antisense RNA probes. A,B,C, and G are lateral views; F and H are ventral views. Mosquito (D,E) and fruitfly (I,J) embryos were also stained with an antibody that recognizes the active, phosphorylated form of Mad, pMad. (D,I) Lateral views; (E,J) dorsal views. The resulting staining patterns indicate a much broader domain of Dpp signaling in the dorsal ectoderm of A. gambiae embryos as compared with D. melanogaster.