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Figure 9


Fig. 9. Model for transmitter phenotype determination in the developing mesencephalon. (A) Summary of the phenotype of Helt-null mutant mouse embryos. (B) Model for transmitter phenotype determination by the Helt and Ngn genes. Helt determines the GABAergic phenotype by repressing the Ngn genes, which induce the glutamatergic pathway. Mash1 might also be involved in the GABAergic determination pathway (Miyoshi et al., 2004). GA, GABAergic; GL, glutamatergic; DA, dopaminergic; VZ, ventricular zone; ML, mantle layer.