Fig. 2. Defects in cranial muscle patterning in Twist mutant embryos. (A-F') A comparative expression analysis for cranial mesoderm and neural crest markers in mouse embryos. Whole-mount and section in situ hybridization for Twist (A,A',C,C',E,E'), capsulin (B,B'D,D') and Dlx5 (F,F'). Broken lines indicate plane of section. (G,G') Whole-mount in situ hybridization (ISH) for capsulin in control and Twist mutants, n=6. Arrowheads point to the muscle anlagen in the branchial arches (ba1 and ba2). (H,H') Tbx1 ISH, n=7. (I,I') Myf5 ISH, n=7. (J,J') MyoD ISH, n=7. (K-M') Dlx5, cadherin 6 and cadherin 11 expression patterns in control and Twist mutants, n=5. Arrowheads point to the CNC cells in the branchial arches (ba1 and ba2) and open arrowheads indicate their absence. hf, head fold; hm, head mesenchyme; ht, heart; nt, neural tube; ph, pharynx. Scale bars: in A, 0.41 mm for B; in A', 0.25 mm for B'; in C and G, 0.3 mm for D,G',H-H',I',J',K',L',M'; in C' and E, 0.45 mm for D',E',F-F',I,J,K,L,M.