Fig. 1. Overview of the de novo shoot induction system. (A) Root explants were harvested from 2-week-old seedlings and (B) transferred to auxin-rich CIM, which induces cell proliferation, resulting in (C) callus formation. (D) Transfer of callus to cytokinin-rich SIM induces greening and induction of shoot meristems from callus often in clusters (marked by two green leaves).