Fig. 3. Nog overexpression in the tailbud using sonoporation. (A) A schematic drawing of the sonoporation procedure. (B-E) GFP expression after Sonoporation. The white lines in B and D indicate the position of the sections in C and E. Scale bars: 400 µm (B,D); 50 µm (C,E). (F) Morphology of the tailbud of control and Nog-overexpressing chick embryos. Scale bar: 200 µm. (G) pCAβ-mNog-IRES-GFP or pCAβ-IRES-GFP were transduced into the caudal region of the chick tailbud. The surface ectoderm of the tailbud was labeled with DiI after sonoporation. The distribution of DiI-labeled cells in control and Nog-overexpressing embryos was observed after 24 hours. Scale bars: 200 µm (left); 100 µm (middle and right). (H,I) Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of control and Nog-overexpressing embryos. (J,K) GFP expression in control and Nog-overexpressing embryos. (L,M) Immunostaining of pSmad (red) and E-cadherin (green) in control and Nog-overexpressing embryos. (L',M') High-magnification view of boxed area in L and M. (N,O) Immunostaining of E-cadherin (green) and laminin (red) in control and Nog-overexpressing embryos. (P,Q) cSlug expression in control and Nog-overexpressing embryos. Scale bar: 50 µm.