Fig. 2. Inner ear phenotypes of Gli3^-/- mutants. Paint-filled inner ears of Gli3 heterozygous (A,D) and homozygous (B,C,E,F) embryos at 15.5 dpc shown in lateral (A-C) and dorsal (D-F) views. Gli3^-/- inner ears are missing the lateral canal (red asterisks), but the lateral ampulla is present (arrows in E,F). The anterior canal is usually missing or truncated (white asterisks), and the caliber of the posterior canal is smaller. The saccule and the proximal tip of the cochlear duct are misshapen, but the length of the cochlear duct is normal. Inner ear phenotypes in mutants with exencephaly are more severe (C,F). aa, anterior ampulla; asc, anterior semicircular canal; cc, common crus; cd, cochlear duct; ed/s, endolymphatic duct and sac; la, lateral ampulla; lsc, lateral semicircular canal; pa, posterior ampulla; psc, posterior semicircular canal; s, saccule; u, utricle, D, dorsal; A, anterior; M, medial. Scale bar: 100 µm.