Fig. 2. Abnormal urogenital organs in prenatal Dlgh1^-/- mice at E18.5. (A,D-F) Urinary organs of male Dlgh1^+/+ (A), and male (D) or female (E,F) Dlgh1^-/- mice. (D) Hypoplastic kidney. (E) Bilateral megaureter. (F) Unilateral duplicated ureter. The two ureters are marked with asterisks. (B,G) Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of kidney sections from Dlgh1^+/+ (B) and Dlgh1^-/- (G) mice showing hydronephrosis. (C,H) Lateral view of the vagina and urethra of female mice. A vaginal lumen can be seen on the hindside of the urethra in Dlgh1^+/+ mice (C), whereas no vagina is formed in Dlgh1^-/- mice (H). (I) Comparison of the longitudinal kidney length relative to the body length. (J) Comparison of the ureteric length (from the hilum of the kidney to the vesicoureteral junction) relative to the body length. The values in each column represent the mean±s.d. and the relative ratio to the mean value for Dlgh1^+/+ mice. The red points in each graph show the average of each group. The red lines indicate the mean value for Dlgh1^+/+ mice±2 s.d. P values are shown for significant differences between two groups. n, the number of kidneys used for the analyses. ad, adrenal gland; bl, urinary bladder; k, kidney; t, testis; u, urethra; ur, ureter; v, vagina. Scale bars: 1 mm in A,D-F,C,H; 200 µm in B,G.