Fig. 5. Analyses of cell proliferation during palate development in wild-type and Mn1^-/- mutant embryos. (A-F) In comparison with the wild-type littermates (A-C), the number of BrdU-labeled cells in the developing palatal shelves was greatly reduced in the middle (E) and posterior (F) palatal shelves, but not in the anterior (D) palatal mesenchyme in the Mn1^-/- mutant embryos by E13.5. p, palatal shelf; t, tongue. (G,H) Comparison of the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells in the palatal mesenchyme (G) and epithelium (H), in the anterior, middle and posterior palatal regions in E13.5 wild-type (WT) and Mn1^-/- mutant embryos. Error bars represent standard deviation and the asterisk indicates a significant difference (P<0.01) between the wild-type and Mn1^-/- mutant samples.