Fig. 6. Phenotypic analyses of double and triple mutants. (A) A rev-9 seedling. (B) A severe ae5-1 rev-9 seedling with only expanded cotyledons. An arrowhead indicates a needle-like leaf. (C) A less severe ae5-1 rev-9 seedling showing rosette leaves with rough leaf surface. (D) SEM of adaxial leaf surface of ae5-1 rev-9, showing that the abaxially featured epidermal cells appeared on the adaxial leaf side (arrowhead). (E) An rdr6-3 seedling. (F) An ae5-1 rdr6-3 seedling with lotus leaves (arrowheads). (G,H) Transverse sections of rdr6-3 (G) and ae5-1 rdr6-3 (H) leaves. The positions of sectioning are indicated by white lines in E and F. Arrowheads in G,H indicate the phloem. (I) SEM of a leaf from ett-3 arf4-2 double mutant, showing a number of outgrowths on the abaxial leaf side. (J) SEM of an ae5-1 ett-3 arf4-2 leaf, exhibiting a dramatically reduced number of the outgrowths. (K) A kan1-2 kan2-1 seedling. (L) An ae5-1 kan1-2 kan2-1 seedling. Insets in K,L show the abaxial surface of the first-pair leaf; arrowheads in J,K indicate the outgrowths. (M,N) Quantitative analyses of outgrowths on the third-pair (M) and fourth-pair (N) rosette leaves of ett-3 arf4-2 and ae5-1 ett-3 arf4-2. (O) Quantitative analysis of outgrowths on the first-pair rosette leaves of kan1-2 kan2-1 and ae5-1 kan1-2 kan2-1. Columns and error bars in M-O represent the mean and s.d. Scale bars: 0.5 cm in A-C,E,F; 50 µm in D,G,H; 3 mm in I,J; 2 mm in K,L; 1 mm in K,L insets.