|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 109, Issue 4 811-820, Copyright © 1990 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
W Driever, V Siegel and C Nusslein-Volhard
Max-Planck-Institut fur Entwicklungsbiologie, Abteilung Genetik, Tubingen, FRG.
A small number of maternal effect genes determine anterior-posterior pattern in the Drosophila embryo. Embryos from females mutant for the maternal gene bicoid lack head and thorax. bcd mRNA becomes localized to the anterior tip of the egg during oogenesis and is the source for the morphogen gradient of bcd protein. Here we show that in vitro transcribed bicoid mRNA that has its own leader sequences substituted by the Xenopus beta-globin 5' untranslated sequences is translated more efficiently than bicoid mRNA with the natural 5' mRNA leader when tested in vitro and in Drosophila Schneider cells. When injected into bicoid mutant embryos, only the bcd mRNA with the beta-globin leader sequence, substituted for the natural leader, is able to induce anterior development. We used P-transformation to show that sequences in the 5' leader are neither necessary for localization of the transcript nor for the translational block of the bcd mRNA during oogenesis. For our injection experiments, we used only one of the identified splicing forms of bcd mRNA. The bcd protein species derived from this mRNA is able to induce anterior development at any position along the anterior-posterior axis. Thus bicoid protein can induce development of head and thorax independent of any other specifically localized morphogenetic factor. Our findings further support the notion that the concentration gradient of bcd protein, and not the existence of different forms of bcd protein, is responsible for specifying subregions of the embryo.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. J. Bornemann, S. Park, S. Phin, and R. Warrior A translational block to HSPG synthesis permits BMP signaling in the early Drosophila embryo Development, March 15, 2008; 135(6): 1039 - 1047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Xi and S. L. Dobson Characterization of Wolbachia Transfection Efficiency by Using Microinjection of Embryonic Cytoplasm and Embryo Homogenate Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2005; 71(6): 3199 - 3204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Deshpande, G. Calhoun, and P. Schedl Overlapping mechanisms function to establish transcriptional quiescence in the embryonic Drosophila germline Development, March 15, 2004; 131(6): 1247 - 1257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Zhao, A. York, F. Yang, D. J. Forsthoefel, V. Dave, D. Fu, D. Zhang, M. S. Corado, S. Small, M. A. Seeger, et al. The activity of the Drosophila morphogenetic protein Bicoid is inhibited by a domain located outside its homeodomain Development, January 4, 2002; 129(7): 1669 - 1680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Stauber, A. Prell, and U. Schmidt-Ott A single Hox3 gene with composite bicoid and zerknullt expression characteristics in non-Cyclorrhaphan flies PNAS, January 1, 2002; (2002) 12292899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Mancebo, X. Zhou, W. Shillinglaw, W. Henzel, and P. M. Macdonald BSF Binds Specifically to the bicoid mRNA 3' Untranslated Region and Contributes to Stabilization of bicoid mRNA Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2001; 21(10): 3462 - 3471. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Zhao, V. Dave, F. Yang, T. Scarborough, and J. Ma Target Selectivity of Bicoid Is Dependent on Nonconsensus Site Recognition and Protein-Protein Interaction Mol. Cell. Biol., November 1, 2000; 20(21): 8112 - 8123. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Fernandez, F. Takahashi, Z. Liu, R. Steward, D. Stein, and E. R. Stanley The Drosophila Shark tyrosine kinase is required for embryonic dorsal closure Genes & Dev., March 1, 2000; 14(5): 604 - 614. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Han, D Stein, and L. Stevens Investigating the function of follicular subpopulations during Drosophila oogenesis through hormone-dependent enhancer-targeted cell ablation Development, January 2, 2000; 127(3): 573 - 583. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Chan, M Kloc, and L. Etkin fatvg encodes a new localized RNA that uses a 25-nucleotide element (FVLE1) to localize to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes Development, January 11, 1999; 126(22): 4943 - 4953. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. J. Briggs, D. Stein, J. Goltz, V. C. Corrigan, A. Efthymiadis, S. Hubner, and D. A. Jans The cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Site (Ser312) Enhances Dorsal Nuclear Import through Facilitating Nuclear Localization Sequence/Importin Interaction J. Biol. Chem., August 28, 1998; 273(35): 22745 - 22752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Stein, J. Goltz, J Jurcsak, and L Stevens The Dorsal-related immunity factor (Dif) can define the dorsal-ventral axis of polarity in the Drosophila embryo Development, January 6, 1998; 125(11): 2159 - 2169. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Clegg, D. Frost, M. Larkin, L Subrahmanyan, Z Bryant, and H Ruohola-Baker maelstrom is required for an early step in the establishment of Drosophila oocyte polarity: posterior localization of grk mRNA Development, January 11, 1997; 124(22): 4661 - 4671. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Wreden, A. Verrotti, J. Schisa, M. Lieberfarb, and S Strickland Nanos and pumilio establish embryonic polarity in Drosophila by promoting posterior deadenylation of hunchback mRNA Development, January 8, 1997; 124(15): 3015 - 3023. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y Bellaiche, R Bandyopadhyay, C Desplan, and N Dostatni Neither the homeodomain nor the activation domain of Bicoid is specifically required for its down-regulation by the Torso receptor tyrosine kinase cascade Development, January 11, 1996; 122(11): 3499 - 3508. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Larkin, K Holder, C Yost, E Giniger, and H Ruohola-Baker Expression of constitutively active Notch arrests follicle cells at a precursor stage during Drosophila oogenesis and disrupts the anterior-posterior axis of the oocyte Development, January 11, 1996; 122(11): 3639 - 3650. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B Goldstein and S. Hird Specification of the anteroposterior axis in Caenorhabditis elegans Development, January 5, 1996; 122(5): 1467 - 1474. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X Ma, D Yuan, K Diepold, T Scarborough, and J Ma The Drosophila morphogenetic protein Bicoid binds DNA cooperatively Development, January 4, 1996; 122(4): 1195 - 1206. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Markussen, A. Michon, W Breitwieser, and A Ephrussi Translational control of oskar generates short OSK, the isoform that induces pole plasma assembly Development, January 11, 1995; 121(11): 3723 - 3732. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Zaraisky, V Ecochard, O. Kazanskaya, S. Lukyanov, I. Fesenko, and A. Duprat The homeobox-containing gene XANF-1 may control development of the Spemann organizer Development, January 11, 1995; 121(11): 3839 - 3847. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Salles, M. Lieberfarb, C Wreden, J. Gergen, and S Strickland Coordinate initiation of Drosophila development by regulated polyadenylation of maternal messenger RNAs Science, December 23, 1994; 266(5193): 1996 - 1999. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F Payre, M Crozatier, and A Vincent Direct control of transcription of the Drosophila morphogen bicoid by the serendipity delta zinc finger protein, as revealed by in vivo analysis of a finger swap. Genes & Dev., November 15, 1994; 8(22): 2718 - 2728. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B A Edgar, F Sprenger, R J Duronio, P Leopold, and P H O'Farrell Distinct molecular mechanism regulate cell cycle timing at successive stages of Drosophila embryogenesis. Genes & Dev., February 15, 1994; 8(4): 440 - 452. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hammerschmidt and C. Nusslein-Volhard The expression of a zebrafish gene homologous to Drosophila snail suggests a conserved function in invertebrate and vertebrate gastrulation Development, December 1, 1993; 119(4): 1107 - 1118. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Schulte-Merker, R. K. Ho, B. G. Herrmann, and C. Nusslein-Volhard The protein product of the zebrafish homologue of the mouse T gene is expressed in nuclei of the germ ring and the notochord of the early embryo Development, December 1, 1992; 116(4): 1021 - 1032. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G S Golumbeski, A Bardsley, F Tax, and R E Boswell tudor, a posterior-group gene of Drosophila melanogaster, encodes a novel protein and an mRNA localized during mid-oogenesis. Genes & Dev., November 1, 1991; 5(11): 2060 - 2070. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B Blumberg, C. Wright, E. De Robertis, and K. Cho Organizer-specific homeobox genes in Xenopus laevis embryos Science, July 12, 1991; 253(5016): 194 - 196. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S M Parkhurst and D Ish-Horowicz wimp, a dominant maternal-effect mutation, reduces transcription of a specific subset of segmentation genes in Drosophila. Genes & Dev., March 1, 1991; 5(3): 341 - 357. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Stauber, A. Prell, and U. Schmidt-Ott A single Hox3 gene with composite bicoid and zerknullt expression characteristics in non-Cyclorrhaphan flies PNAS, January 8, 2002; 99(1): 274 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
