|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 115, Issue 1 253-266, Copyright © 1992 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
L Lillien and C Cepko
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Proliferation in the rat retina, as in other parts of the nervous system, occurs during a restricted period of development. In addition to regulating cell number, the mechanisms that control proliferation influence the patterning of tissues, and may affect the determination of cell type. To begin to determine how proliferation is controlled, several growth factors found in the retina were tested for effects on progenitor cell division in culture. Proliferation was enhanced by TGF alpha, bFGF and aFGF, and many of the dividing cells later differentiated into cells with the antigenic phenotypes of retinal neurons and glial cells. The mitotic response of retinal cells to these factors changed during development: progenitor cells from younger retinas (embryonic day 15 to 18; E15-E18) were more responsive to FGF's, while progenitor cells from older retinas (greater than E20) were more responsive to TGF alpha. Progenitor cells stopped dividing in vitro, even when treated with excess mitogen. These observations suggest that proliferation in the retina may be stimulated by multiple mitogenic signals provided by TGF alpha, FGF, or related factors, and that proliferation is not controlled by limiting concentrations of mitogen alone. Rather, these data demonstrate that retinal cells change during development in their responsiveness to mitogenic signals. Such changes may contribute to the regulation of proliferation.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. Hashimoto, X.-M. Zhang, B. Y.-k. Chen, and X.-J. Yang VEGF activates divergent intracellular signaling components to regulate retinal progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation Development, June 1, 2006; 133(11): 2201 - 2210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Close, B. Gumuscu, and T. A. Reh Retinal neurons regulate proliferation of postnatal progenitors and Muller glia in the rat retina via TGF{beta} signaling Development, July 1, 2005; 132(13): 3015 - 3026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Murali, S. Yoshikawa, R. R. Corrigan, D. J. Plas, M. C. Crair, G. Oliver, K. M. Lyons, Y. Mishina, and Y. Furuta Distinct developmental programs require different levels of Bmp signaling during mouse retinal development Development, March 1, 2005; 132(5): 913 - 923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. James, A. V. Das, S. Bhattacharya, D. M. Chacko, X. Zhao, and I. Ahmad In Vitro Generation of Early-Born Neurons from Late Retinal Progenitors J. Neurosci., September 10, 2003; 23(23): 8193 - 8203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kicic, W.-Y. Shen, A. S. Wilson, I. J. Constable, T. Robertson, and P. E. Rakoczy Differentiation of Marrow Stromal Cells into Photoreceptors in the Rat Eye J. Neurosci., August 27, 2003; 23(21): 7742 - 7749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Green, J. L. Stubbs, and E. M. Levine Genetic rescue of cell number in a mouse model of microphthalmia: interactions between Chx10 and G1-phase cell cycle regulators Development, February 1, 2003; 130(3): 539 - 552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Fischer, C. R. McGuire, B. D. Dierks, and T. A. Reh Insulin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Activate a Neurogenic Program in Muller Glia of the Chicken Retina J. Neurosci., November 1, 2002; 22(21): 9387 - 9398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. E. Politi, N. P. Rotstein, and N. G. Carri Effect of GDNF on Neuroblast Proliferation and Photoreceptor Survival: Additive Protection with Docosahexaenoic Acid Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., November 1, 2001; 42(12): 3008 - 3015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Y.-P. Ko, M. L. Ko, and S. E. Dryer Developmental Expression of Retinal Cone cGMP-Gated Channels: Evidence for Rapid Turnover and Trophic Regulation J. Neurosci., January 1, 2001; 21(1): 221 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Yourey, S. Gohari, J. L. Su, and R. F. Alderson Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factors Promote the In Vitro Development of Rat Photoreceptor Cells J. Neurosci., September 15, 2000; 20(18): 6781 - 6788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Link, J. M. Fadool, J. Malicki, and J. E. Dowling The zebrafish young mutation acts non-cell-autonomously to uncouple differentiation from specification for all retinal cells Development, May 15, 2000; 127(10): 2177 - 2188. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Das, J. R. Sparrow, M. I. Lin, E. Shih, T. Mikawa, and B. L. Hempstead Trk C Signaling Is Required for Retinal Progenitor Cell Proliferation J. Neurosci., April 15, 2000; 20(8): 2887 - 2895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Desai and S. McConnell Progressive restriction in fate potential by neural progenitors during cerebral cortical development Development, January 7, 2000; 127(13): 2863 - 2872. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Belliveau and C. Cepko Extrinsic and intrinsic factors control the genesis of amacrine and cone cells in the rat retina Development, January 2, 1999; 126(3): 555 - 566. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fontaine, N. Kinkl, J. Sahel, H. Dreyfus, and D. Hicks Survival of Purified Rat Photoreceptors In Vitro Is Stimulated Directly by Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 J. Neurosci., December 1, 1998; 18(23): 9662 - 9672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Strom and R. W. Williams Cell Production and Cell Death in the Generation of Variation in Neuron Number J. Neurosci., December 1, 1998; 18(23): 9948 - 9953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Li, C. A. Cogswell, and J. J. LoTurco Neuronal Differentiation of Precursors in the Neocortical Ventricular Zone Is Triggered by BMP J. Neurosci., November 1, 1998; 18(21): 8853 - 8862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Morrow, M. J. Belliveau, and C. L. Cepko Two Phases of Rod Photoreceptor Differentiation during Rat Retinal Development J. Neurosci., May 15, 1998; 18(10): 3738 - 3748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S McFarlane, M. Zuber, and C. Holt A role for the fibroblast growth factor receptor in cell fate decisions in the developing vertebrate retina Development, January 10, 1998; 125(20): 3967 - 3975. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F.-B. Gao and M. Raff Cell Size Control and a Cell-intrinsic Maturation Program in Proliferating Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells J. Cell Biol., September 22, 1997; 138(6): 1367 - 1377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Levine, H. Roelink, J. Turner, and T. A. Reh Sonic Hedgehog Promotes Rod Photoreceptor Differentiation in Mammalian Retinal Cells In Vitro J. Neurosci., August 15, 1997; 17(16): 6277 - 6288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Neophytou, A. Vernallis, A Smith, and M. Raff Muller-cell-derived leukaemia inhibitory factor arrests rod photoreceptor differentiation at a postmitotic pre-rod stage of development Development, January 6, 1997; 124(12): 2345 - 2354. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Eagleson, L Lillien, A. Chan, and P Levitt Mechanisms specifying area fate in cortex include cell-cycle-dependent decisions and the capacity of progenitors to express phenotype memory Development, January 4, 1997; 124(8): 1623 - 1630. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Ezzeddine, X Yang, T DeChiara, G Yancopoulos, and C. Cepko Postmitotic cells fated to become rod photoreceptors can be respecified by CNTF treatment of the retina Development, January 3, 1997; 124(5): 1055 - 1067. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Alexiades and C. Cepko Subsets of retinal progenitors display temporally regulated and distinct biases in the fates of their progeny Development, January 3, 1997; 124(6): 1119 - 1131. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Jensen and V. Wallace Expression of Sonic hedgehog and its putative role as a precursor cell mitogen in the developing mouse retina Development, January 1, 1997; 124(2): 363 - 371. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Williams, R. C. Strom, D. S. Rice, and D. Goldowitz Genetic and Environmental Control of Variation in Retinal Ganglion Cell Number in Mice J. Neurosci., November 15, 1996; 16(22): 7193 - 7205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Yang and C. L. Cepko Flk-1, a Receptor for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Is Expressed by Retinal Progenitor Cells J. Neurosci., October 1, 1996; 16(19): 6089 - 6099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Reneker, D. Silversides, K Patel, and P. Overbeek TGF alpha can act as a chemoattractant to perioptic mesenchymal cells in developing mouse eyes Development, January 6, 1995; 121(6): 1669 - 1680. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ferri and P Levitt Regulation of regional differences in the differentiation of cerebral cortical neurons by EGF family-matrix interactions Development, January 4, 1995; 121(4): 1151 - 1160. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kelley, J. Turner, and T. Reh Retinoic acid promotes differentiation of photoreceptors in vitro Development, January 8, 1994; 120(8): 2091 - 2102. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Jasoni, M. Walker, M. Morris, and T. Reh A chicken achaete-scute homolog (CASH-1) is expressed in a temporally and spatially discrete manner in the developing nervous system Development, January 4, 1994; 120(4): 769 - 783. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Temple and A. Davis Isolated rat cortical progenitor cells are maintained in division in vitro by membrane-associated factors Development, January 4, 1994; 120(4): 999 - 1008. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Pachnis, B. Mankoo, and F. Costantini Expression of the c-ret proto-oncogene during mouse embryogenesis Development, December 1, 1993; 119(4): 1005 - 1017. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
