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Development, Vol 115, Issue 1 67-74, Copyright © 1992 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
R Mahmood, KC Flanders and GM Morriss-Kay
Department of Human Anatomy, Oxford, UK.
Using immunocytochemical methods we describe the distribution of different TGF beta isoforms and the effects of excess retinoic acid on their expression during early mouse embryogenesis (8 1/2 - 10 1/2 days of development). In normal embryos at 9 days, intracellular TGF beta 1 is expressed most intensely in neuroepithelium and cardiac myocardium whereas extracellular TGF beta 1 is expressed in mesenchymal cells and in the endocardium of the heart. At later stages, intracellular TGF beta 1 becomes very restricted to the myocardium and to a limited number of head mesenchymal cells; extracellular TGF beta 1 continues to be expressed widely in cells of mesenchymal origin, particularly in head and trunk mesenchyme, and also in endocardium. TGF beta 2 is widely expressed at all stages investigated while TGF beta 3 is not expressed strongly in any tissue at the stages examined. Exposure of early neural plate stage embryos to retinoic acid caused reduced expression of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 proteins but had no effect on TGF beta 3. Intracellular TGF beta 1 expression was reduced in all tissues except in the myocardium, while extracellular TGF beta 1 was specifically reduced in neuroepithelium and cranial neural crest cells at early stages. TGF beta 2 was reduced in all embryonic tissues. The down-regulation of intracellular TGF beta 1 was observed up to 48 hours after initial exposure to retinoic acid while some down-regulation of TGF beta 2 was still seen up to 60 hours after initial exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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