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Development, Vol 117, Issue 1 29-43, Copyright © 1993 by Company of Biologists


JOURNAL ARTICLES

Programmed cell death during Drosophila embryogenesis

JM Abrams, K White, LI Fessler and H Steller
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.

The deliberate and orderly removal of cells by programmed cell death is a common phenomenon during the development of metazoan animals. We have examined the distribution and ultrastructural appearance of cell deaths that occur during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. A large number of cells die during embryonic development in Drosophila. These cells display ultrastructural features that resemble apoptosis observed in vertebrate systems, including nuclear condensation, fragmentation and engulfment by macrophages. Programmed cell deaths can be rapidly and reliably visualized in living wild-type and mutant Drosophila embryos using the vital dyes acridine orange or nile blue. Acridine orange appears to selectively stain apoptotic forms of death in these preparations, since cells undergoing necrotic deaths were not significantly labelled. Likewise, toluidine blue staining of fixed tissues resulted in highly specific labelling of apoptotic cells, indicating that apoptosis leads to specific biochemical changes responsible for the selective affinity to these dyes. Cell death begins at stage 11 (approximately 7 hours) of embryogenesis and thereafter becomes widespread, affecting many different tissues and regions of the embryo. Although the distribution of dying cells changes drastically over time, the overall pattern of cell death is highly reproducible for any given developmental stage. Detailed analysis of cell death in the central nervous system of stage 16 embryos (13-16 hours) revealed asymmetries in the exact number and position of dying cells on either side of the midline, suggesting that the decision to die may not be strictly predetermined at this stage. This work provides the basis for further molecular genetic studies on the control and execution of programmed cell death in Drosophila.
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J. Cell Biol., March 22, 1999; 144(6): 1123 - 1133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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GeneticsHome page
K. Ahmad and K. G. Golic
Telomere Loss in Somatic Cells of Drosophila Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
Genetics, March 1, 1999; 151(3): 1041 - 1051.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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JCBHome page
J. Varkey, P. Chen, R. Jemmerson, and J. M. Abrams
Altered Cytochrome c Display Precedes Apoptotic Cell Death in Drosophila
J. Cell Biol., February 22, 1999; 144(4): 701 - 710.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
C. Magie, M. Meyer, M. Gorsuch, and S. Parkhurst
Mutations in the Rho1 small GTPase disrupt morphogenesis and segmentation during early Drosophila development
Development, January 12, 1999; 126(23): 5353 - 5364.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
C. Byars, K. Bates, and A Letsou
The dorsal-open group gene raw is required for restricted DJNK signaling during closure
Development, January 11, 1999; 126(21): 4913 - 4923.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
M Crozatier, D Valle, L Dubois, S Ibnsouda, and A Vincent
Head versus trunk patterning in the Drosophila embryo; collier requirement for formation of the intercalary segment
Development, January 10, 1999; 126(19): 4385 - 4394.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
D Arendt and K Nubler-Jung
Comparison of early nerve cord development in insects and vertebrates
Development, January 6, 1999; 126(11): 2309 - 2325.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
E. Wiellette and W McGinnis
Hox genes differentially regulate Serrate to generate segment-specific structures
Development, January 5, 1999; 126(9): 1985 - 1995.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
Q. Li, T. Pazdera, and J. Minden
Drosophila embryonic pattern repair: how embryos respond to cyclin E-induced ectopic division
Development, January 5, 1999; 126(10): 2299 - 2307.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
T. Gumienny, E Lambie, E Hartwieg, H. Horvitz, and M. Hengartner
Genetic control of programmed cell death in the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite germline
Development, January 2, 1999; 126(5): 1011 - 1022.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Genes Dev.Home page
T. Brummel, S. Abdollah, T. E. Haerry, M. J. Shimell, J. Merriam, L. Raftery, J. L. Wrana, and M. B. O'Connor
The Drosophila Activin receptor Baboon signals through dSmad2 and controls cell proliferation but not patterning during larval development
Genes & Dev., January 1, 1999; 13(1): 98 - 111.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. V. McCarthy and V. M. Dixit
Apoptosis Induced by Drosophila Reaper and Grim in a Human System. ATTENUATION BY INHIBITOR OF APOPTOSIS PROTEINS (cIAPs)
J. Biol. Chem., September 11, 1998; 273(37): 24009 - 24015.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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GeneticsHome page
O. Saget, F. Forquignon, P. Santamaria, and N. B. Randsholt
Needs and Targets for the multi sex combs Gene Product in Drosophila melanogaster
Genetics, August 1, 1998; 149(4): 1823 - 1838.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Hanai, M. Uchida, S. Kobayashi, M. Miwa, and K. Uchida
Genomic Organization of Drosophila Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase and Distribution of Its mRNA during Development
J. Biol. Chem., May 8, 1998; 273(19): 11881 - 11886.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ScienceHome page
K. McCall and H. Steller
Requirement for DCP-1 Caspase During Drosophila Oogenesis
Science, January 9, 1998; 279(5348): 230 - 234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
T. Pazdera, P Janardhan, and J. Minden
Patterned epidermal cell death in wild-type and segment polarity mutant Drosophila embryos
Development, January 9, 1998; 125(17): 3427 - 3436.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
E Buff, A Carmena, S Gisselbrecht, F Jimenez, and A. Michelson
Signalling by the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor is required for the specification and diversification of embryonic muscle progenitors
Development, January 6, 1998; 125(11): 2075 - 2086.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
D Bilder, Y Graba, and M. Scott
Wnt and TGFbeta signals subdivide the AbdA Hox domain during Drosophila mesoderm patterning
Development, January 5, 1998; 125(9): 1781 - 1790.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
K Foley and L Cooley
Apoptosis in late stage Drosophila nurse cells does not require genes within the H99 deficiency
Development, January 3, 1998; 125(6): 1075 - 1082.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
L. Li and J. E. Dowling
A dominant form of inherited retinal degeneration caused by a non-photoreceptor cell-specific mutation
PNAS, October 14, 1997; 94(21): 11645 - 11650.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. Milan, S. Campuzano, and A. Garcia-Bellido
Developmental parameters of cell death in the wing disc of Drosophila
PNAS, May 27, 1997; 94(11): 5691 - 5696.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
S. S. Mpoke and J. Wolfe
Differential Staining of Apoptotic Nuclei in Living Cells: Application to Macronuclear Elimination in Tetrahymena
J. Histochem. Cytochem., May 1, 1997; 45(5): 675 - 684.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. J. Padayatty, M. Marcelli, T. C. Shao, and G. R. Cunningham
Lovastatin-Induced Apoptosis in Prostate Stromal Cells
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 1997; 82(5): 1434 - 1439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. B. Paumen, Y. Ishida, M. Muramatsu, M. Yamamoto, and T. Honjo
Inhibition of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I Augments Sphingolipid Synthesis and Palmitate-induced Apoptosis
J. Biol. Chem., February 7, 1997; 272(6): 3324 - 3329.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
C Jiang, E. Baehrecke, and C. Thummel
Steroid regulated programmed cell death during Drosophila metamorphosis
Development, January 11, 1997; 124(22): 4673 - 4683.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Genes Dev.Home page
M L Allende, A Amsterdam, T Becker, K Kawakami, N Gaiano, and N Hopkins
Insertional mutagenesis in zebrafish identifies two novel genes, pescadillo and dead eye, essential for embryonic development.
Genes & Dev., December 15, 1996; 10(24): 3141 - 3155.
[Abstract] [PDF]




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