|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 117, Issue 4 1397-1407, Copyright © 1993 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
HG Simon and CJ Tabin
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Adult urodele amphibians can regenerate their limbs and tail. Based on their roles in other developing systems, Hox genes are strong candidates for genes that play a role in regulating pattern formation during regeneration. There are four homologous clusters of Hox genes in vertebrate genomes. We isolated cDNA clones of two newt homeobox genes from homologous positions within two Hox clusters; Hox-4.5 and Hox-3.6. We used RNase protection on nonamputated (normal) and regenerating newt appendages and tissue to compare their transcriptional patterns. Both genes show increased expression upon amputation with similar kinetics. Hox-4.5 and Hox-3.6 transcription is limited to the mesenchymal cells in the regenerates and is not found in the epithelial tissue. In addition to regenerating appendages, both genes are transcriptionally active in adult kidney of the newt. Striking differences were found in the regulation of Hox-4.5 and Hox-3.6 when they were compared in unamputated limbs and in regenerating forelimbs versus regenerating hindlimbs. Hox-4.5 is expressed in the blastema of regenerating fore- and hindlimbs, but Hox-4.5 transcripts are not detectable in normal limbs. In contrast, Hox-3.6 transcripts are found exclusively in posterior appendages, but are present in normal as well as regenerating hindlimbs and tails. Hox-4.5 is also expressed at a higher level in proximal (mid-humerus) regenerates than in distal ones (mid-radius). When we proximalized the positional memory of a distal blastema with retinoic acid, we find that the early expression level of Hox-4.5 is also proximalized. When the expression of these genes is compared to the expression of two previously reported newt Hox genes, a consistent pattern emerges, which can be interpreted in terms of differential roles for the different Hox clusters in determining regenerative limb morphology.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. Ishino, T. Kunieda, S. Natori, K. Sekimizu, and T. Kubo Identification of Novel Members of the Xenopus Ca2+-dependent Lectin Family and Analysis of Their Gene Expression During Tail Regeneration and Development J. Biochem., April 1, 2007; 141(4): 479 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Mercader, E. M. Tanaka, and M. Torres Proximodistal identity during vertebrate limb regeneration is regulated by Meis homeodomain proteins Development, September 15, 2005; 132(18): 4131 - 4142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Kodama, M. Davis, and D. L. Faustman Diabetes and Stem Cell Researchers Turn to the Lowly Spleen Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., January 19, 2005; 2005(3): pe2 - pe2. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Logan Finger or toe: the molecular basis of limb identity Development, December 29, 2003; 130(26): 6401 - 6410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N Mercader, E Leonardo, M. Piedra, C Martinez-A, M. Ros, and M Torres Opposing RA and FGF signals control proximodistal vertebrate limb development through regulation of Meis genes Development, January 9, 2000; 127(18): 3961 - 3970. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Logan, H. Simon, and C Tabin Differential regulation of T-box and homeobox transcription factors suggests roles in controlling chick limb-type identity Development, January 8, 1998; 125(15): 2825 - 2835. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Imokawa and K. Yoshizato Expression of Sonic hedgehog gene in regenerating newt limb blastemas recapitulates that in developing limb buds PNAS, August 19, 1997; 94(17): 9159 - 9164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Simon, R Kittappa, P. Khan, C Tsilfidis, R. Liversage, and S Oppenheimer A novel family of T-box genes in urodele amphibian limb development and regeneration: candidate genes involved in vertebrate forelimb/hindlimb patterning Development, January 4, 1997; 124(7): 1355 - 1366. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Zardoya, E. Abouheif, and A. Meyer Evolutionary analyses of hedgehog and Hoxd-10 genes in fish species closely related to the zebrafish PNAS, November 12, 1996; 93(23): 13036 - 13041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-H. Oh, R. Johnson, and D. K. Wu Differential Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Developing Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs J. Neurosci., October 15, 1996; 16(20): 6463 - 6475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Mullen, S. Bryant, M. Torok, B Blumberg, and D. Gardiner Nerve dependency of regeneration: the role of Distal-less and FGF signaling in amphibian limb regeneration Development, January 11, 1996; 122(11): 3487 - 3497. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Benson, H Lim, B. Paria, I Satokata, S. Dey, and R. Maas Mechanisms of reduced fertility in Hoxa-10 mutant mice: uterine homeosis and loss of maternal Hoxa-10 expression Development, January 9, 1996; 122(9): 2687 - 2696. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Gardiner, B Blumberg, Y Komine, and S. Bryant Regulation of HoxA expression in developing and regenerating axolotl limbs Development, January 6, 1995; 121(6): 1731 - 1741. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Akimenko, S. Johnson, M Westerfield, and M Ekker Differential induction of four msx homeobox genes during fin development and regeneration in zebrafish Development, January 2, 1995; 121(2): 347 - 357. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
