Development, Vol 119, Issue 3 567-578, Copyright © 1993 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Postimplantation expression patterns indicate a role for the mouse forkhead/HNF-3 alpha, beta and gamma genes in determination of the definitive endoderm, chordamesoderm and neuroectoderm

AP Monaghan, KH Kaestner, E Grau and G Schutz
Division Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg.

The HNF-3 alpha, beta and gamma genes constitute a family of transcription factors that are required for hepatocyte-specific gene expression of a number of genes, e.g. transthyretin, alpha-1 antitrypsin and tyrosine aminotransferase. These genes share a highly conserved DNA-binding domain first found in the Drosophila gene, forkhead, which is required for the normal patterning of the developing gut and central nervous system in Drosophila. In adult mouse tissues, transcripts from HNF-3 alpha and beta have been localised to the liver, intestine and lung, whereas HNF-3 gamma is found in the liver, intestine and testis. In light of the early developmental significance of forkhead in Drosophila, we have compared the patterns of expression of HNF-3 alpha, beta and gamma mRNAs during murine embryogenesis. We find that these genes are sequentially activated during development in the definitive endoderm. HNF-3 beta mRNA is expressed in the node at the anterior end of the primitive streak in all three germ layers and is the first gene of this family to be activated. Subsequently, HNF-3 alpha is transcribed in the primitive endoderm in the region of the invaginating foregut and HNF-3 gamma appears upon hindgut differentiation. These genes have different anterior boundaries of mRNA expression in the developing endoderm and transcripts are found in all endoderm-derived structures that differentiate posterior to this boundary. Therefore, we propose that these genes define regionalization within the definitive endoderm. Furthermore, differential mRNA expression of HNF-3 alpha and beta is detected in cells of the ventral neural epithelium, chordamesoderm and notochord. In the neural epithelium, expression of HNF-3 alpha and beta mRNA becomes localised to cells of the floor plate. We propose that, in addition to their characterised requirement for liver-specific gene expression, HNF-3 alpha and beta are required for mesoderm and neural axis formation. We also conclude that HNF-3 beta is the true orthologue of the Drosophila forkhead gene.
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				M. J. Kosovsky, B. Huan, and A. Siddiqui Purification and Properties of Rat Liver Nuclear Proteins That Interact with the Hepatitis B Virus Enhancer 1 J. Biol. Chem., September 6, 1996; 271(36): 21859 - 21869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R Gualdi, P Bossard, M Zheng, Y Hamada, J R Coleman, and K S Zaret Hepatic specification of the gut endoderm in vitro: cell signaling and transcriptional control. Genes & Dev., July 1, 1996; 10(13): 1670 - 1682. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M Pack, L Solnica-Krezel, J Malicki, S. Neuhauss, A. Schier, D. Stemple, W Driever, and M. Fishman Mutations affecting development of zebrafish digestive organs Development, January 12, 1996; 123(1): 321 - 328. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Kaestner, S. Bleckmann, A. Monaghan, J Schlondorff, A Mincheva, P Lichter, and G Schutz Clustered arrangement of winged helix genes fkh-6 and MFH-1: possible implications for mesoderm development Development, January 6, 1996; 122(6): 1751 - 1758. [Abstract] [PDF]

				U Ahlgren, J Jonsson, and H Edlund The morphogenesis of the pancreatic mesenchyme is uncoupled from that of the pancreatic epithelium in IPF1/PDX1-deficient mice Development, January 5, 1996; 122(5): 1409 - 1416. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Ang, O Jin, M Rhinn, N Daigle, L Stevenson, and J Rossant A targeted mouse Otx2 mutation leads to severe defects in gastrulation and formation of axial mesoderm and to deletion of rostral brain Development, January 1, 1996; 122(1): 243 - 252. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. H. Kaestner, A. P. Monaghan, H. Kern, S.-L. Ang, S. Weitz, P. Lichter, and Gün. Schütz The Mouse fkh-2 Gene J. Biol. Chem., December 15, 1995; 270(50): 30029 - 30035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Thomas, H. Skala, A. Kahn, and F.ço. P. D. Tuy Functional Dissection of the Brain-specific Rat Aldolase C Gene Promoter in Transgenic Mice J. Biol. Chem., September 1, 1995; 270(35): 20316 - 20321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Duyao, A. Auerbach, A Ryan, F Persichetti, G. Barnes, S. McNeil, P Ge, J. Vonsattel, J. Gusella, A. Joyner, et al. Inactivation of the mouse Huntington's disease gene homolog Hdh Science, July 21, 1995; 269(5222): 407 - 410. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. Roberts, R. Johnson, A. Burke, C. Nelson, B. Morgan, and C Tabin Sonic hedgehog is an endodermal signal inducing Bmp-4 and Hox genes during induction and regionalization of the chick hindgut Development, January 10, 1995; 121(10): 3163 - 3174. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Slack Developmental biology of the pancreas Development, January 6, 1995; 121(6): 1569 - 1580. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Pankratz and M Hoch Control of epithelial morphogenesis by cell signaling and integrin molecules in the Drosophila foregut Development, January 6, 1995; 121(6): 1885 - 1898. [Abstract] [PDF]