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Development, Vol 120, Issue 10 2749-2771, Copyright © 1994 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
C Mendelsohn, D Lohnes, D Decimo, T Lufkin, M LeMeur, P Chambon and M Mark
Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, Unite 184 de Biologie Moleculaire et de Genie Genetique de l'INSERM, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.
Compound null mutations of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) genes lead to lethality in utero or shortly after birth and to numerous developmental abnormalities. In the accompanying paper (Lohnes, D., Mark., M., Mendelsohn, C., Dolle, P., Dierich, A., Gorry, Ph., Gansmuller, A. and Chambon, P. (1994). Development 120, 2723-2748), we describe malformations of the head, vertebrae and limbs which, with the notable exception of the eye defects, were not observed in the offspring of vitamin A-deficient (VAD) dams. We report here abnormalities in the neck, trunk and abdominal regions of RAR double mutant mice, which include: (i) the entire respiratory tract, (ii) the heart, its outlow tract and the great vessels located near the heart, (iii) the thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands, (iv) the diaphragm, (v) the genito-urinary system, and (vi) the lower digestive tract. A majority of these abnormalities recapitulate those observed in the fetal VAD syndrome described by Joseph Warkany's group more than fourty years ago [Wilson, J. G., Roth, C. B. and Warkany, J. (1953) Am. J. Anat., 92, 189-217; and refs therein]. Our results clearly demonstrate that RARs are essential for vertebrate ontogenesis and therefore that retinoic acid is the active retinoid, which is required at several stages of the development of numerous tissues and organs. We discuss several possibilities that may account for the apparent functional redundancy observed amongst retinoic acid receptors during embryogenesis.
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A. D. Weston, V. Rosen, R. A.S. Chandraratna, and T. M. Underhill Regulation of Skeletal Progenitor Differentiation by the BMP and Retinoid Signaling Pathways J. Cell Biol., February 21, 2000; 148(4): 679 - 690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Naltner, M. Ghaffari, J. A. Whitsett, and C. Yan Retinoic Acid Stimulation of the Human Surfactant Protein B Promoter Is Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Site-dependent J. Biol. Chem., January 7, 2000; 275(1): 56 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S Malpel, C Mendelsohn, and W. Cardoso Regulation of retinoic acid signaling during lung morphogenesis Development, January 7, 2000; 127(14): 3057 - 3067. [Abstract] [PDF]
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O Wendling, C Dennefeld, P Chambon, and M Mark Retinoid signaling is essential for patterning the endoderm of the third and fourth pharyngeal arches Development, January 4, 2000; 127(8): 1553 - 1562. [Abstract] [PDF]
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B. Boulogne, C. Levacher, P. Durand, and R. Habert Retinoic Acid Receptors and Retinoid X Receptors in the Rat Testis During Fetal and Postnatal Development: Immunolocalization and Implication in the Control of the Number of Gonocytes Biol Reprod, December 1, 1999; 61(6): 1548 - 1557. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. Thebaud, D. Tibboel, C. Rambaud, J.-C. Mercier, J. R. Bourbon, A. T. Dinh-Xuan, and S. L. Archer Vitamin A decreases the incidence and severity of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rats Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, August 1, 1999; 277(2): L423 - L429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Chailley-Heu, N. Chelly, M. Lelièvre-Pégorier, A.-M. Barlier-Mur, C. Merlet-Bénichou, and J. R. Bourbon Mild Vitamin A Deficiency Delays Fetal Lung Maturation in the Rat Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., July 1, 1999; 21(1): 89 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Warburton, J. Zhao, M. A. Berberich, and M. Bernfield Molecular embryology of the lung: then, now, and in the future Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 1999; 276(5): L697 - L704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Ghaffari, J. A. Whitsett, and C. Yan Inhibition of hSP-B promoter in respiratory epithelial cells by a dominant negative retinoic acid receptor Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 1999; 276(3): L398 - L404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. Wendling, P. Chambon, and M. Mark Retinoid X receptors are essential for early mouse development and placentogenesis PNAS, January 19, 1999; 96(2): 547 - 551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T Kawasaki, T Kitsukawa, Y Bekku, Y Matsuda, M Sanbo, T Yagi, and H Fujisawa A requirement for neuropilin-1 in embryonic vessel formation Development, January 11, 1999; 126(21): 4895 - 4902. [Abstract] [PDF]
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V Dupe, N. Ghyselinck, O Wendling, P Chambon, and M Mark Key roles of retinoic acid receptors alpha and beta in the patterning of the caudal hindbrain, pharyngeal arches and otocyst in the mouse Development, January 11, 1999; 126(22): 5051 - 5059. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C Mendelsohn, E Batourina, S Fung, T Gilbert, and J Dodd Stromal cells mediate retinoid-dependent functions essential for renal development Development, January 3, 1999; 126(6): 1139 - 1148. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. Moreau, J. Vilar, M. Lelievre-Pegorier, C. Merlet-Benichou, and T. Gilbert Regulation of c-ret expression by retinoic acid in rat metanephros: implication in nephron mass control Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 1998; 275(6): F938 - F945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Ya, M. W. Schilham, P. A. J. de Boer, A. F. M. Moorman, H. Clevers, and W. H. Lamers Sox4-Deficiency Syndrome in Mice Is an Animal Model for Common Trunk Circ. Res., November 16, 1998; 83(10): 986 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Yan, M. Ghaffari, J. A. Whitsett, X. Zeng, Z. Sever, and S. Lin Retinoic acid-receptor activation of SP-B gene transcription in respiratory epithelial cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, August 1, 1998; 275(2): L239 - L246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Labrecque, D. Allan, P. Chambon, N. N. Iscove, D. Lohnes, and T. Hoang Impaired Granulocytic Differentiation In Vitro in Hematopoietic Cells Lacking Retinoic Acid Receptors alpha 1 and gamma Blood, July 15, 1998; 92(2): 607 - 615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Sun, W. Porter, and S. Safe Estrogen-Induced Retinoic Acid Receptor {alpha}1 Gene Expression: Role of Estrogen Receptor-Sp1 Complex Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 1998; 12(6): 882 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Ya, M. J. B. van den Hoff, P. A. J. de Boer, S. Tesink-Taekema, D. Franco, A. F. M. Moorman, and W. H. Lamers Normal Development of the Outflow Tract in the Rat Circ. Res., March 9, 1998; 82(4): 464 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Bergwerff, M. E. Verberne, M. C. DeRuiter, R. E. Poelmann, and A. C. Gittenberger-de-Groot Neural Crest Cell Contribution to the Developing Circulatory System : Implications for Vascular Morphology? Circ. Res., February 9, 1998; 82(2): 221 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Duester Alcohol Dehydrogenase as a Critical Mediator of Retinoic Acid Synthesis from Vitamin A in the Mouse Embryo J. Nutr., February 1, 1998; 128(2): 459 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B Mascrez, M Mark, A Dierich, N. Ghyselinck, P Kastner, and P Chambon The RXRalpha ligand-dependent activation function 2 (AF-2) is important for mouse development Development, January 12, 1998; 125(23): 4691 - 4707. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D Huang, S. Chen, A. Langston, and L. Gudas A conserved retinoic acid responsive element in the murine Hoxb-1 gene is required for expression in the developing gut Development, January 8, 1998; 125(16): 3235 - 3246. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. Packer, D. Crotty, V. Elwell, and D. Wolgemuth Expression of the murine Hoxa4 gene requires both autoregulation and a conserved retinoic acid response element Development, January 6, 1998; 125(11): 1991 - 1998. [Abstract] [PDF]
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