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Development, Vol 121, Issue 12 4283-4291, Copyright © 1995 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
PW Holland, B Koschorz, LZ Holland and BG Herrmann
School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.
Homologues of the murine Brachyury (T) gene have been cloned from several vertebrates, and are implicated in mesoderm formation and in differentiation of the notochord. In contrast, the roles of the ascidian Brachyury gene may be restricted to presumptive notochord. To understand the evolution of Brachyury genes and their developmental roles, we have searched for homologues in amphioxus, representing the third chordate subphylum and the probable closest relative of the vertebrates. We report the isolation of two amphioxus cDNA clones with clear homology to Brachyury genes, and demonstrate that these derive from separate loci resultant from a recent gene duplication. This finding represents an exception to the emerging consensus of an archetypal prevertebrate genome in amphioxus. The spatial and temporal distribution of Brachyury transcripts during amphioxus development is remarkably similar to vertebrate Brachyury, in presumptive mesoderm, posterior mesoderm and the notochord. Gene expression extends throughout the anteroposterior axis of the notochord, despite the most rostral regions being a more recent specialization; it also persists into larval stages, despite differentiation into contractile tissue. We propose that roles of Brachyury in notochord differentiation are more ancient than roles in mesoderm formation, and that the latter are shared by cephalochordates and all vertebrates.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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 M.-l. He, L. Wen, C. E. Campbell, J. Y. Wu, and Y. Rao Transcription repression by Xenopus ET and its human ortholog TBX3, a gene involved in ulnar-mammary syndrome PNAS, August 31, 1999; 96(18): 10212 - 10217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y Nakatani, R Moody, and W. Smith Mutations affecting tail and notochord development in the ascidian Ciona savignyi Development, January 8, 1999; 126(15): 3293 - 3301. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. Wu and J. Lengyel Role of caudal in hindgut specification and gastrulation suggests homology between Drosophila amnioproctodeal invagination and vertebrate blastopore Development, January 7, 1998; 125(13): 2433 - 2442. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. Meedel, S. Farmer, and J. Lee The single MyoD family gene of Ciona intestinalis encodes two differentially expressed proteins: implications for the evolution of chordate muscle gene regulation Development, January 5, 1997; 124(9): 1711 - 1721. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. Holland, M Kene, N. Williams, and N. Holland Sequence and embryonic expression of the amphioxus engrailed gene (AmphiEn): the metameric pattern of transcription resembles that of its segment-polarity homolog in Drosophila Development, January 5, 1997; 124(9): 1723 - 1732. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. Corbo, M Levine, and R. Zeller Characterization of a notochord-specific enhancer from the Brachyury promoter region of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis Development, January 2, 1997; 124(3): 589 - 602. [Abstract] [PDF]
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V Knezevic, R De Santo, and S Mackem Two novel chick T-box genes related to mouse Brachyury are expressed in different, non-overlapping mesodermal domains during gastrulation Development, January 1, 1997; 124(2): 411 - 419. [Abstract] [PDF]
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N. Holland, G Panganiban, E. Henyey, and L. Holland Sequence and developmental expression of AmphiDll, an amphioxus Distal-less gene transcribed in the ectoderm, epidermis and nervous system: insights into evolution of craniate forebrain and neural crest Development, January 9, 1996; 122(9): 2911 - 2920. [Abstract] [PDF]
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