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Development, Vol 121, Issue 5 1433-1442, Copyright © 1995 by Company of Biologists


JOURNAL ARTICLES

The role of Pax-6 in eye and nasal development

JC Grindley, DR Davidson and RE Hill
Developmental Genetics Section, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.

Small eye (Sey) mice homozygous for mutations in the Pax-6 gene have no lenses and no nasal cavities. We have examined the ontogeny of eye and nasal defects in Sey/Sey embryos and have related the defects seen to the pattern of Pax-6 mRNA expression in the mouse during normal eye and nasal development. There are two principal components of the early eye, the neural ectoderm of the optic vesicle, which forms the retina, and the overlying surface ectoderm, which forms the lens and cornea. By studying these interacting tissues in normal and Sey/Sey embryos, we have identified processes for which Pax-6 is important and can thus suggest possible roles for the Pax-6 gene. Pax-6 is essential for the formation of lens placodes from surface ectoderm. In normal development, early Pax-6 mRNA expression in a broad domain of surface ectoderm is downregulated, but expression is specifically maintained in the developing lens placode. Moreover, other Pax-6-expressing tissues are frequently those that have can transdifferentiate into lens. Thus, phenotype and expression together suggest a role for Pax-6 in lens determination. At least some functions of Pax-6 can be separated from the influence of other tissues. Early Sey/Sey optic vesicles are abnormally broad and fail to constrict proximally. These defects occur prior to the time of lens placode formation and probably reflect a requirement for Pax-6 in neural ectoderm. In surface ectoderm domains, where Pax-6 expression is known to be independent of the presence of an optic vesicle, Pax-6 function is required for the maintenance of its own transcription. The mutual dependency of lens and optic vesicle development can also be studied using the Small eye mutation. Using region-specific markers we find that, in the morphologically abnormal Sey/Sey optic vesicles, aspects of normal proximo-distal specification nevertheless persist, despite the complete absence of lens. Like the lens, the nasal cavities develop from ectodermal placodes that normally express Pax-6 mRNA, fail to form in Sey/Sey mice and show Pax-6-dependent Pax-6 mRNA regulation. Analysis of patterns of programmed cell death and absence of nasal region expression from an Msx-1 transgene in Sey/Sey embryos suggest a requirement for Pax-6 in the transition from presumptive nasal ectoderm to placode, and that Msx-1, or genes regulating it, are possible targets for Pax-6.
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Genes Dev.Home page
C. Punzo, S. Kurata, and W. J. Gehring
The eyeless homeodomain is dispensable for eye development in Drosophila
Genes & Dev., July 1, 2001; 15(13): 1716 - 1723.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Genes Dev.Home page
Y. Kamachi, M. Uchikawa, A. Tanouchi, R. Sekido, and H. Kondoh
Pax6 and SOX2 form a co-DNA-binding partner complex that regulates initiation of lens development
Genes & Dev., May 15, 2001; 15(10): 1272 - 1286.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
R. J. Davis, W. Shen, Y. I. Sandler, M. Amoui, P. Purcell, R. Maas, C.-N. Ou, H. Vogel, A. L. Beaudet, and G. Mardon
Dach1 Mutant Mice Bear No Gross Abnormalities in Eye, Limb, and Brain Development and Exhibit Postnatal Lethality
Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 2001; 21(5): 1484 - 1490.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Genes Dev.Home page
R. Ashery-Padan, T. Marquardt, X. Zhou, and P. Gruss
Pax6 activity in the lens primordium is required for lens formation and for correct placement of a single retina in the eye
Genes & Dev., November 1, 2000; 14(21): 2701 - 2711.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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DevelopmentHome page
V. Vendrell, E. Carnicero, F. Giraldez, M. T. Alonso, and T. Schimmang
Induction of inner ear fate by FGF3
Development, May 15, 2000; 127(10): 2011 - 2019.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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IOVSHome page
M. K. Duncan, A. Cvekl, X. Li, and J. Piatigorsky
Truncated Forms of Pax-6 Disrupt Lens Morphology in Transgenic Mice
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2000; 41(2): 464 - 473.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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DevelopmentHome page
C. van Raamsdonk and S. Tilghman
Dosage requirement and allelic expression of PAX6 during lens placode formation
Development, January 12, 2000; 127(24): 5439 - 5448.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
M Schwarz, F Cecconi, G Bernier, N Andrejewski, B Kammandel, M Wagner, and P Gruss
Spatial specification of mammalian eye territories by reciprocal transcriptional repression of Pax2 and Pax6
Development, January 10, 2000; 127(20): 4325 - 4334.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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J. Cell Sci.Home page
M. Duncan, Z Kozmik, K Cveklova, J Piatigorsky, and A Cvekl
Overexpression of PAX6(5a) in lens fiber cells results in cataract and upregulation of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrin expression
J. Cell Sci., January 9, 2000; 113(18): 3173 - 3185.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
H. Makarenkova, M Ito, V Govindarajan, S. Faber, L Sun, G McMahon, P. Overbeek, and R. Lang
FGF10 is an inducer and Pax6 a competence factor for lacrimal gland development
Development, January 6, 2000; 127(12): 2563 - 2572.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
J. Collinson, R. Hill, and J. West
Different roles for Pax6 in the optic vesicle and facial epithelium mediate early morphogenesis of the murine eye
Development, January 3, 2000; 127(5): 945 - 956.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Genes Dev.Home page
M. Hallonet, T. Hollemann, T. Pieler, and P. Gruss
Vax1, a novel homeobox-containing gene, directs development of the basal forebrain and visual system
Genes & Dev., December 1, 1999; 13(23): 3106 - 3114.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Cereb CortexHome page
N. Warren, D. Caric, T. Pratt, J. A. Clausen, P. Asavaritikrai, J. O. Mason, R. E. Hill, and D. J. Price
The Transcription Factor, Pax6, is Required for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
Cereb Cortex, September 1, 1999; 9(6): 627 - 635.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Genes Dev.Home page
H. E. Xu, M. A. Rould, W. Xu, J. A. Epstein, R. L. Maas, and C. O. Pabo
Crystal structure of the human Pax6 paired domain-DNA complex reveals specific roles for the linker region and carboxy-terminal subdomain in DNA binding
Genes & Dev., May 15, 1999; 13(10): 1263 - 1275.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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DevelopmentHome page
K. Kenyon, S. Moody, and M Jamrich
A novel fork head gene mediates early steps during Xenopus lens formation
Development, January 11, 1999; 126(22): 5107 - 5116.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
D Engelkamp, P Rashbass, A Seawright, and V van Heyningen
Role of Pax6 in development of the cerebellar system
Development, January 8, 1999; 126(16): 3585 - 3596.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
A. Borycki, J Li, F Jin, C. Emerson, and J. Epstein
Pax3 functions in cell survival and in pax7 regulation
Development, January 4, 1999; 126(8): 1665 - 1674.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
P. Xu, X Zhang, S Heaney, A Yoon, A. Michelson, and R. Maas
Regulation of Pax6 expression is conserved between mice and flies
Development, January 1, 1999; 126(2): 383 - 395.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
M. K. Duncan, J. I. Haynes II, A. Cvekl, and J. Piatigorsky
Dual Roles for Pax-6: a Transcriptional Repressor of Lens Fiber Cell-Specific beta -Crystallin Genes
Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 1998; 18(9): 5579 - 5586.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
C. Ma, D. Papermaster, and C. L. Cepko
A unique pattern of photoreceptor degeneration in cyclin D1 mutant mice
PNAS, August 18, 1998; 95(17): 9938 - 9943.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Genes Dev.Home page
J. A. McMahon, S. Takada, L. B. Zimmerman, C.-M. Fan, R. M. Harland, and A. P. McMahon
Noggin-mediated antagonism of BMP signaling is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite
Genes & Dev., May 15, 1998; 12(10): 1438 - 1452.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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DevelopmentHome page
N. Brown, S Kanekar, M. Vetter, P. Tucker, D. Gemza, and T Glaser
Math5 encodes a murine basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor expressed during early stages of retinal neurogenesis
Development, January 12, 1998; 125(23): 4821 - 4833.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
T Hollemann, E Bellefroid, and T Pieler
The Xenopus homologue of the Drosophila gene tailless has a function in early eye development
Development, January 7, 1998; 125(13): 2425 - 2432.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
Y Kamachi, M Uchikawa, J Collignon, R Lovell-Badge, and H Kondoh
Involvement of Sox1, 2 and 3 in the early and subsequent molecular events of lens induction
Development, January 7, 1998; 125(13): 2521 - 2532.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
S Glardon, L. Holland, W. Gehring, and N. Holland
Isolation and developmental expression of the amphioxus Pax-6 gene (AmphiPax-6): insights into eye and photoreceptor evolution
Development, January 7, 1998; 125(14): 2701 - 2710.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
G Halder, P Callaerts, S Flister, U Walldorf, U Kloter, and W. Gehring
Eyeless initiates the expression of both sine oculis and eyes absent during Drosophila compound eye development
Development, January 6, 1998; 125(12): 2181 - 2191.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
J Hyer, T Mima, and T Mikawa
FGF1 patterns the optic vesicle by directing the placement of the neural retina domain
Development, January 3, 1998; 125(5): 869 - 877.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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CROBMHome page
K.M. Weiss, D.W. Stock, and Z. Zhao
Dynamic Interactions and the Evolutionary Genetics of Dental Patterning
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, January 1, 1998; 9(4): 369 - 398.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Neurosci.Home page
S. S. Wang, R. Y. L. Tsai, and R. R. Reed
The Characterization of the Olf-1/EBF-Like HLH Transcription Factor Family: Implications in Olfactory Gene Regulation and Neuronal Development
J. Neurosci., June 1, 1997; 17(11): 4149 - 4158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Neurosci.Home page
P. Bovolenta, A. Mallamaci, P. Briata, G. Corte, and E. Boncinelli
Implication of OTX2 in Pigment Epithelium Determination and Neural Retina Differentiation
J. Neurosci., June 1, 1997; 17(11): 4243 - 4252.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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