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Development, Vol 124, Issue 1 113-123, Copyright © 1997 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
R Mo, AM Freer, DL Zinyk, MA Crackower, J Michaud, HH Heng, KW Chik, XM Shi, LC Tsui, SH Cheng, AL Joyner and C Hui
Program in Developmental Biology and Division of Endocrinology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The correct patterning of vertebrate skeletal elements is controlled by inductive interactions. Two vertebrate hedgehog proteins, Sonic hedgehog and Indian hedgehog, have been implicated in skeletal development. During somite differentiation and limb development, Sonic hedgehog functions as an inductive signal from the notochord, floor plate and zone of polarizing activity. Later in skeletogenesis, Indian hedgehog functions as a regulator of chondrogenesis during endochondral ossification. The vertebrate Gli zinc finger proteins are putative transcription factors that respond to Hedgehog signaling. In Drosophila, the Gli homolog cubitus interruptus is required for the activation of hedgehog targets and also functions as a repressor of hedgehog expression. We show here that Gli2 mutant mice exhibit severe skeletal abnormalities including cleft palate, tooth defects, absence of vertebral body and intervertebral discs, and shortened limbs and sternum. Interestingly, Gli2 and Gli3 (C.-c. Hui and A. L. Joyner (1993). Nature Genet. 3, 241-246) mutant mice exhibit different subsets of skeletal defects indicating that they implement specific functions in the development of the neural crest, somite and lateral plate mesoderm derivatives. Although Gli2 and Gli3 are not functionally equivalent, double mutant analysis indicates that, in addition to their specific roles, they also serve redundant functions during skeletal development. The role of Gli2 and Gli3 in Hedgehog signaling during skeletal development is discussed.
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C. B. Bai and A. L. Joyner Gli1 can rescue the in vivo function of Gli2 Development, December 15, 2001; 128(24): 5161 - 5172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Haraguchi, R. Mo, C.-c. Hui, J. Motoyama, S. Makino, T. Shiroishi, W. Gaffield, and G. Yamada Unique functions of Sonic hedgehog signaling during external genitalia development Development, November 1, 2001; 128(21): 4241 - 4250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Mo, J. H. Kim, J. Zhang, C. Chiang, C.-c. Hui, and P. C. W. Kim Anorectal Malformations Caused by Defects in Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2001; 159(2): 765 - 774. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 R. H. Costa, V. V. Kalinichenko, and L. Lim Transcription factors in mouse lung development and function Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): L823 - L838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Dundar, T. M Gordon, I. Ozyazgan, F. Oguzkaya, Y. Ozkul, A. Cooke, A G. Wilkinson, S. Holloway, F. R Goodman, and J. L Tolmie A novel acropectoral syndrome maps to chromosome 7q36 J. Med. Genet., May 1, 2001; 38(5): 304 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 M. J. Smith, S. D. Gitlin, C. M. Browning, B. R. Lane, N. M. Clark, N. Shah, S. Rainier, and D. M. Markovitz GLI-2 Modulates Retroviral Gene Expression J. Virol., March 1, 2001; 75(5): 2301 - 2313. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. M. Browning, M. J. Smith, N. M. Clark, B. R. Lane, C. Parada, M. Montano, V. N. KewalRamani, D. R. Littman, M. Essex, R. G. Roeder, et al. Human GLI-2 Is a Tat Activation Response Element-Independent Tat Cofactor J. Virol., March 1, 2001; 75(5): 2314 - 2323. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 C. P. Klingenberg, L. J. Leamy, E. J. Routman, and J. M. Cheverud Genetic Architecture of Mandible Shape in Mice: Effects of Quantitative Trait Loci Analyzed by Geometric Morphometrics Genetics, February 1, 2001; 157(2): 785 - 802. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Mina Regulation of Mandibular Growth and Morphogenesis Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, January 1, 2001; 12(4): 276 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Epstein, L Martinu, J. Michaud, K. Losos, C Fan, and A. Joyner Members of the bHLH-PAS family regulate Shh transcription in forebrain regions of the mouse CNS Development, January 11, 2000; 127(21): 4701 - 4709. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R Brewster, J. Mullor, and A Ruiz i Altaba Gli2 functions in FGF signaling during antero-posterior patterning Development, January 10, 2000; 127(20): 4395 - 4405. [Abstract] [PDF]
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H. Park, C Bai, K. Platt, M. Matise, A Beeghly, C. Hui, M Nakashima, and A. Joyner Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation Development, January 4, 2000; 127(8): 1593 - 1605. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. Baur, J. Mai, and S. Dymecki Combinatorial signaling through BMP receptor IB and GDF5: shaping of the distal mouse limb and the genetics of distal limb diversity Development, January 2, 2000; 127(3): 605 - 619. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. L. McCarthy, Changhua Ji, and M. Centrella Links Among Growth Factors, Hormones, and Nuclear Factors With Essential Roles in Bone Formation Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, January 1, 2000; 11(4): 409 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Kalff-Suske, A. Wild, J. Topp, M. Wessling, E.-M. Jacobsen, D. Bornholdt, H. Engel, H. Heuer, C. M. Aalfs, M. G. E. M. Ausems, et al. Point mutations throughout the GLI3 gene cause Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome Hum. Mol. Genet., September 1, 1999; 8(9): 1769 - 1777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. A. Lettice, L. A. Purdie, G. J. Carlson, F. Kilanowski, J. Dorin, and R. E. Hill The mouse bagpipe gene controls development of axial skeleton, skull, and spleen PNAS, August 17, 1999; 96(17): 9695 - 9700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Iwamoto, M. Enomoto-Iwamoto, and K. Kurisu Actions of Hedgehog Proteins on Skeletal Cells Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, July 1, 1999; 10(4): 477 - 486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Dai, H. Akimaru, Y. Tanaka, T. Maekawa, M. Nakafuku, and S. Ishii Sonic Hedgehog-induced Activation of the Gli1 Promoter Is Mediated by GLI3 J. Biol. Chem., March 19, 1999; 274(12): 8143 - 8152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. Stone, M Murone, S Luoh, W Ye, M. Armanini, A Gurney, H Phillips, J Brush, A Goddard, F. de Sauvage, et al. Characterization of the human suppressor of fused, a negative regulator of the zinc-finger transcription factor Gli J. Cell Sci., January 12, 1999; 112(23): 4437 - 4448. [Abstract] [PDF]
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H Peters, B Wilm, N Sakai, K Imai, R Maas, and R Balling Pax1 and Pax9 synergistically regulate vertebral column development Development, January 12, 1999; 126(23): 5399 - 5408. [Abstract] [PDF]
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Y Taya, S O'Kane, and M. Ferguson Pathogenesis of cleft palate in TGF-beta3 knockout mice Development, January 9, 1999; 126(17): 3869 - 3879. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T Theil, G Alvarez-Bolado, A Walter, and U Ruther Gli3 is required for Emx gene expression during dorsal telencephalon development Development, January 8, 1999; 126(16): 3561 - 3571. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. Matise, M Lustig, T Sakurai, M Grumet, and A. Joyner Ventral midline cells are required for the local control of commissural axon guidance in the mouse spinal cord Development, January 8, 1999; 126(16): 3649 - 3659. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A Ruiz i Altaba Gli proteins encode context-dependent positive and negative functions: implications for development and disease Development, January 6, 1999; 126(14): 3205 - 3216. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S Qu, S. Tucker, Q Zhao, B deCrombrugghe, and R Wisdom Physical and genetic interactions between Alx4 and Cart1 Development, January 1, 1999; 126(2): 359 - 369. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. Jiang, Y. Lan, H. D. Chapman, C. Shawber, C. R. Norton, D. V. Serreze, G. Weinmaster, and T. Gridley Defects in limb, craniofacial, and thymic development in Jagged2 mutant mice Genes & Dev., April 1, 1998; 12(7): 1046 - 1057. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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