|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 125, Issue 20 3997-4006, Copyright © 1998 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
M Tada, ES Casey, L Fairclough and JC Smith
Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
Brachyury, a member of the T-box gene family, is required for posterior mesoderm and notochord differentiation in vertebrate development, and mis-expression of Xenopus Brachyury causes ectopic mesoderm formation. Brachyury is a transcription activator, and its ability to activate transcription is essential for its biological function, but Brachyury target genes have proved difficult to identify. Here we employ a hormone-inducible Brachyury construct and subtractive hybridization to search for such targets. Using this approach we have isolated Bix1, a homeobox gene expressed both in the marginal zone of Xenopus and in the vegetal hemisphere. Expression of Bix1 is induced in an immediate-early fashion by mesoderm-inducing factors such as activin as well as by the products of the T-box genes Xbra and VegT (also known as Antipodean, Brat and Xombi). Activation of Bix1 in response to Xbra is direct in the sense that it does not require protein synthesis, and both Xbra and VegT activate expression of a reporter gene driven by the Bix 5' regulatory region, which contains an Xbra/VegT binding site. Mis-expression of low levels of Bix1 causes formation of ventral mesoderm, while high levels induce endodermal differentiation. These results suggest that Bix1 acts downstream of both VegT and Xbra to induce formation of mesoderm and endoderm.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. C. Smith Forming and Interpreting Gradients in the Early Xenopus Embryo Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, July 1, 2009; 1(1): a002477 - a002477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Glaser, D. Metcalf, L. Wu, A. H. Hart, L. DiRago, S. Mifsud, A. D'Amico, S. Dagger, C. Campo, A. C. Chan, et al. Enforced expression of the homeobox gene Mixl1 impairs hematopoietic differentiation and results in acute myeloid leukemia PNAS, October 31, 2006; 103(44): 16460 - 16465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Sinner, P. Kirilenko, S. Rankin, E. Wei, L. Howard, M. Kofron, J. Heasman, H. R. Woodland, and A. M. Zorn Global analysis of the transcriptional network controlling Xenopus endoderm formation. Development, May 1, 2006; 133(10): 1955 - 1966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Willey, A. Ayuso-Sacido, H. Zhang, S. T. Fraser, K. E. Sahr, M. J. Adlam, M. Kyba, G. Q. Daley, G. Keller, and M. H. Baron Acceleration of mesoderm development and expansion of hematopoietic progenitors in differentiating ES cells by the mouse Mix-like homeodomain transcription factor Blood, April 15, 2006; 107(8): 3122 - 3130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Koide, T. Hayata, and K. W. Y. Cho Gene Regulatory Networks Special Feature: Xenopus as a model system to study transcriptional regulatory networks PNAS, April 5, 2005; 102(14): 4943 - 4948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Small, A. S. Warkman, D.-Z. Wang, L. B. Sutherland, E. N. Olson, and P. A. Krieg Myocardin is sufficient and necessary for cardiac gene expression in Xenopus Development, March 1, 2005; 132(5): 987 - 997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Ng, L. Azzola, K. Sourris, L. Robb, E. G. Stanley, and A. G. Elefanty The primitive streak gene Mixl1 is required for efficient haematopoiesis and BMP4-induced ventral mesoderm patterning in differentiating ES cells Development, March 1, 2005; 132(5): 873 - 884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Chiao, J. Leonard, K. Dickinson, and J. C. Baker High-throughput functional screen of mouse gastrula cDNA libraries reveals new components of endoderm and mesoderm specification Genome Res., January 1, 2005; 15(1): 44 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Sinner, S. Rankin, M. Lee, and A. M. Zorn Sox17 and {beta}-catenin cooperate to regulate the transcription of endodermal genes Development, July 1, 2004; 131(13): 3069 - 3080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kofron, C. Wylie, and J. Heasman The role of Mixer in patterning the early Xenopus embryo Development, May 15, 2004; 131(10): 2431 - 2441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mercurio, B. Latinkic, N. Itasaki, R. Krumlauf, and J. C. Smith Connective-tissue growth factor modulates WNT signalling and interacts with the WNT receptor complex Development, May 1, 2004; 131(9): 2137 - 2147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Trindade, N. Messenger, C. Papin, D. Grimmer, L. Fairclough, M. Tada, and J. C. Smith Regulation of apoptosis in theXenopus embryo by Bix3 Development, October 1, 2003; 130(19): 4611 - 4622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Itasaki, C. M. Jones, S. Mercurio, A. Rowe, P. M. Domingos, J. C. Smith, and R. Krumlauf Wise, a context-dependent activator and inhibitor of Wnt signalling Development, September 15, 2003; 130(18): 4295 - 4305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hikasa, M. Shibata, I. Hiratani, and M. Taira The Xenopus receptor tyrosine kinase Xror2 modulates morphogenetic movements of the axial mesoderm and neuroectoderm via Wnt signaling Development, March 13, 2003; 129(22): 5227 - 5239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Braybrook, S. Lisgo, K. Doudney, D. Henderson, A. C. B. Marcano, T. Strachan, M. A. Patton, L. Villard, G. E. Moore, P. Stanier, et al. Craniofacial expression of human and murine TBX22 correlates with the cleft palate and ankyloglossia phenotype observed in CPX patients Hum. Mol. Genet., October 15, 2002; 11(22): 2793 - 2804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Hart, L. Hartley, K. Sourris, E. S. Stadler, R. Li, E. G. Stanley, P. P. L. Tam, A. G. Elefanty, and L. Robb Mixl1 is required for axial mesendoderm morphogenesis and patterning in the murine embryo Development, August 1, 2002; 129(15): 3597 - 3608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Guo, A. Pui-yee Chan, H. Liang, E. D. Wieder, J. J. Molldrem, L. D. Etkin, and L. Nagarajan A human Mix-like homeobox gene MIXL shows functional similarity to Xenopus Mix.1 Blood, June 17, 2002; 100(1): 89 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Y.R. Stainier A glimpse into the molecular entrails of endoderm formation Genes & Dev., April 15, 2002; 16(8): 893 - 907. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Hoffmann, S. Czichos, C. Kaps, D. Bachner, H. Mayer, Y. Zilberman, G. Turgeman, G. Pelled, G. Gross, and D. Gazit The T-box transcription factor Brachyury mediates cartilage development in mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 J. Cell Sci., February 15, 2002; 115(4): 769 - 781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kusch, T. Storck, U. Walldorf, and R. Reuter Brachyury proteins regulate target genes through modular binding sites in a cooperative fashion Genes & Dev., February 15, 2002; 16(4): 518 - 529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Poulain and T. Lepage Mezzo, a paired-like homeobox protein is an immediate target of Nodal signalling and regulates endoderm specification in zebrafish Development, January 11, 2002; 129(21): 4901 - 4914. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Eimon and R. M. Harland Effects of heterodimerization and proteolytic processing on Derriere and Nodal activity: implications for mesoderm induction in Xenopus Development, January 7, 2002; 129(13): 3089 - 3103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Brickman, M. Clements, R. Tyrell, D. McNay, K. Woods, J. Warner, A. Stewart, R. S. P. Beddington, and M. Dattani Molecular effects of novel mutations in Hesx1/HESX1 associated with human pituitary disorders Development, December 15, 2001; 128(24): 5189 - 5199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. L. Conlon, L. Fairclough, B. M. J. Price, E. S. Casey, and J. C. Smith Determinants of T box protein specificity Development, October 1, 2001; 128(19): 3749 - 3758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. K. Ghosh, E. A. Packham, A. J. Bonser, T. E. Robinson, S. J. Cross, and J. D. Brook Characterization of the TBX5 binding site and analysis of mutations that cause Holt-Oram syndrome Hum. Mol. Genet., September 1, 2001; 10(18): 1983 - 1994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Reiter, Y Kikuchi, and D. Stainier Multiple roles for Gata5 in zebrafish endoderm formation Development, January 1, 2001; 128(1): 125 - 135. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Xanthos, M Kofron, C Wylie, and J Heasman Maternal VegT is the initiator of a molecular network specifying endoderm in Xenopus laevis Development, January 1, 2001; 128(2): 167 - 180. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tada and J. C. Smith Xwnt11 is a target of Xenopus Brachyury: regulation of gastrulation movements via Dishevelled, but not through the canonical Wnt pathway Development, May 15, 2000; 127(10): 2227 - 2238. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Kikuchi, L. A. Trinh, J. F. Reiter, J. Alexander, D. Yelon, and D. Y.R. Stainier The zebrafish bonnie and clyde gene encodes a Mix family homeodomain protein that regulates the generation of endodermal precursors Genes & Dev., May 15, 2000; 14(10): 1279 - 1289. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Germain, M. Howell, G. M. Esslemont, and C. S. Hill Homeodomain and winged-helix transcription factors recruit activated Smads to distinct promoter elements via a common Smad interaction motif Genes & Dev., February 15, 2000; 14(4): 435 - 451. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H Weber, C. Symes, M. Walmsley, A. Rodaway, and R. Patient A role for GATA5 in Xenopus endoderm specification Development, January 10, 2000; 127(20): 4345 - 4360. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W Lerchner, B. Latinkic, J. Remacle, D Huylebroeck, and J. Smith Region-specific activation of the Xenopus brachyury promoter involves active repression in ectoderm and endoderm: a study using transgenic frog embryos Development, January 6, 2000; 127(12): 2729 - 2739. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Hyde and R. Old Regulation of the early expression of the Xenopus nodal-related 1 gene, Xnr1 Development, January 3, 2000; 127(6): 1221 - 1229. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. T. Cunliffe and P. W. Ingham Switching on the notochord Genes & Dev., July 1, 1999; 13(13): 1643 - 1646. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Schneider and R. J. Schwartz Heart or hand? Unmasking the basis for specific Holt-Oram phenotypes PNAS, March 16, 1999; 96(6): 2577 - 2578. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Di Gregorio and M Levine Regulation of Ci-tropomyosin-like, a Brachyury target gene in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis Development, January 12, 1999; 126(24): 5599 - 5609. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Kofron, T Demel, J Xanthos, J Lohr, B Sun, H Sive, S Osada, C Wright, C Wylie, and J Heasman Mesoderm induction in Xenopus is a zygotic event regulated by maternal VegT via TGFbeta growth factors Development, January 12, 1999; 126(24): 5759 - 5770. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Casey, M Tada, L Fairclough, C. Wylie, J Heasman, and J. Smith Bix4 is activated directly by VegT and mediates endoderm formation in Xenopus development Development, January 10, 1999; 126(19): 4193 - 4200. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Latinkic and J. Smith Goosecoid and mix.1 repress Brachyury expression and are required for head formation in Xenopus Development, January 4, 1999; 126(8): 1769 - 1779. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
