|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 125, Issue 20 4055-4066, Copyright © 1998 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
K Stankunas, J Berger, C Ruse, DA Sinclair, F Randazzo and HW Brock
Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
The Polycomb group of genes in Drosophila are homeotic switch gene regulators that maintain homeotic gene repression through a possible chromatin regulatory mechanism. The Enhancer of Polycomb (E(Pc)) gene of Drosophila is an unusual member of the Polycomb group. Most PcG genes have homeotic phenotypes and are required for repression of homeotic loci, but mutations in E(Pc) exhibit no homeotic transformations and have only a very weak effect on expression of Abd-B. However, mutations in E(Pc) are strong enhancers of mutations in many Polycomb group genes and are also strong suppressors of position-effect variegation, suggesting that E(Pc) may have a wider role in chromatin formation or gene regulation than other Polycomb group genes. E(Pc) was cloned by transposon tagging, and encodes a novel 2023 amino acid protein with regions enriched in glutamine, alanine and asparagine. E(Pc) is expressed ubiquitously in Drosophila embryogenesis. E(Pc) is a chromatin protein, binding to polytene chromosomes at about 100 sites, including the Antennapedia but not the Bithorax complex, 29% of which are shared with Polycomb-binding sites. Surprisingly, E(Pc) was not detected in the heterochromatic chromocenter. This result suggests that E(Pc) has a functional rather than structural role in heterochromatin formation and argues against the heterochromatin model for PcG function. Using homology cloning techniques, we identified a mouse homologue of E(Pc), termed Epc1, a yeast protein that we name EPL1, and as well as additional ESTs from Caenorhabditis elegans, mice and humans. Epc1 shares a long, highly conserved domain in its amino terminus with E(Pc) that is also conserved in yeast, C. elegans and humans. The occurrence of E(Pc) across such divergent species is unusual for both PcG proteins and for suppressors of position-effect variegation, and suggests that E(Pc) has an important role in the regulation of chromatin structure in eukaryotes.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. S. Pinto, S. R. Wilmington, E. E. L. Hornick, L. L. Wallrath, and P. K. Geyer Tissue-Specific Defects Are Caused by Loss of the Drosophila MAN1 LEM Domain Protein Genetics, September 1, 2008; 180(1): 133 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Caslini, Z. Yang, M. El-Osta, T. A. Milne, R. K. Slany, and J. L. Hess Interaction of MLL Amino Terminal Sequences with Menin Is Required for Transformation Cancer Res., August 1, 2007; 67(15): 7275 - 7283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. J. Kee, J.-R. Kim, K.-I. Nam, H. Y. Park, S. Shin, J. C. Kim, Y. Shimono, M. Takahashi, M. H. Jeong, N. Kim, et al. Enhancer of Polycomb1, a Novel Homeodomain Only Protein-binding Partner, Induces Skeletal Muscle Differentiation J. Biol. Chem., March 9, 2007; 282(10): 7700 - 7709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Qi, H. Jin, T. Lilja, and M. Mannervik Drosophila Reptin and Other TIP60 Complex Components Promote Generation of Silent Chromatin Genetics, September 1, 2006; 174(1): 241 - 251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Micci, I. Panagopoulos, B. Bjerkehagen, and S. Heim Consistent Rearrangement of Chromosomal Band 6p21 with Generation of Fusion Genes JAZF1/PHF1 and EPC1/PHF1 in Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Cancer Res., January 1, 2006; 66(1): 107 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Selleck, I. Fortin, D. Sermwittayawong, J. Cote, and S. Tan The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Piccolo NuA4 Histone Acetyltransferase Complex Requires the Enhancer of Polycomb A Domain and Chromodomain To Acetylate Nucleosomes Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 2005; 25(13): 5535 - 5542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Attwooll, S. Oddi, P. Cartwright, E. Prosperini, K. Agger, P. Steensgaard, C. Wagener, C. Sardet, M. C. Moroni, and K. Helin A Novel Repressive E2F6 Complex Containing the Polycomb Group Protein, EPC1, That Interacts with EZH2 in a Proliferation-specific Manner J. Biol. Chem., January 14, 2005; 280(2): 1199 - 1208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Y. Ali and W. Bender Cross-Regulation among the Polycomb Group Genes in Drosophila melanogaster Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 2004; 24(17): 7737 - 7747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kirmizis and P. J. Farnham Genomic Approaches That Aid in the Identification of Transcription Factor Target Genes Experimental Biology and Medicine, September 1, 2004; 229(8): 705 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Boudreault, D. Cronier, W. Selleck, N. Lacoste, R. T. Utley, S. Allard, J. Savard, W. S. Lane, S. Tan, and J. Cote Yeast Enhancer of Polycomb defines global Esa1-dependent acetylation of chromatin Genes & Dev., June 1, 2003; 17(11): 1415 - 1428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Opsahl, M. McClenaghan, A. Springbett, S. Reid, R. Lathe, A. Colman, and C. B. A. Whitelaw Multiple Effects of Genetic Background on Variegated Transgene Expression in Mice Genetics, March 1, 2002; 160(3): 1107 - 1112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Xu and S. Strome Depletion of a Novel SET-Domain Protein Enhances the Sterility of mes-3 and mes-4 Mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans Genetics, November 1, 2001; 159(3): 1019 - 1029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Jenuwein and C. D. Allis Translating the Histone Code Science, August 10, 2001; 293(5532): 1074 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. R. Stauffer, T. L. Howard, T. Nyun, and S. M. Hollenberg CHMP1 is a novel nuclear matrix protein affecting chromatin structure and cell-cycle progression J. Cell Sci., January 7, 2001; 114(13): 2383 - 2393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Ruhf, A Braun, O Papoulas, J. Tamkun, N Randsholt, and M Meister The domino gene of Drosophila encodes novel members of the SWI2/SNF2 family of DNA-dependent ATPases, which contribute to the silencing of homeotic genes Development, January 4, 2001; 128(8): 1429 - 1441. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F Tie, T Furuyama, J Prasad-Sinha, E Jane, and P. Harte The Drosophila Polycomb Group proteins ESC and E(Z) are present in a complex containing the histone-binding protein p55 and the histone deacetylase RPD3 Development, January 1, 2001; 128(2): 275 - 286. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Shimono, H. Murakami, Y. Hasegawa, and M. Takahashi RET Finger Protein Is a Transcriptional Repressor and Interacts with Enhancer of Polycomb That Has Dual Transcriptional Functions J. Biol. Chem., December 8, 2000; 275(50): 39411 - 39419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Eisen, R. T. Utley, A. Nourani, S. Allard, P. Schmidt, W. S. Lane, J. C. Lucchesi, and J. Cote The Yeast NuA4 and Drosophila MSL Complexes Contain Homologous Subunits Important for Transcription Regulation J. Biol. Chem., January 26, 2001; 276(5): 3484 - 3491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. M. Springer, O. N. Danilevskaya, P. Hermon, T. G. Helentjaris, R. L. Phillips, H. F. Kaeppler, and S. M. Kaeppler Sequence Relationships, Conserved Domains, and Expression Patterns for Maize Homologs of the Polycomb Group Genes E(z), esc, and E(Pc) Plant Physiology, April 1, 2002; 128(4): 1332 - 1345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
