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Development, Vol 126, Issue 3 567-576, Copyright © 1999 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

A novel role for glycogen synthase kinase-3 in Xenopus development: maintenance of oocyte cell cycle arrest by a beta-catenin-independent mechanism

DL Fisher, N Morin and M Doree
CNRS-CRBM, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. fisher@crbm.cnrs-mop.fr

We have examined the expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in oocytes and early embryos of Xenopus and found that the protein is developmentally regulated. In resting oocytes, GSK-3beta is active and it is inactivated on maturation in response to progesterone. GSK-3beta inactivation is necessary and rate limiting for the cell cycle response to this hormone and the subsequent accumulation of beta-catenin. Overexpression of a dominant negative form of the kinase accelerates maturation, as does inactivation by expression of Xenopus Dishevelled or microinjection of an inactivating antibody. Cell cycle inhibition by GSK-3beta is not mediated by the level of beta-catenin or by a direct effect on either the MAP kinase pathway or translation of mos and cyclin B1. These data indicate a novel role for GSK-3beta in Xenopus development: in addition to controlling specification of the dorsoventral axis in embryos, it mediates cell cycle arrest in oocytes.
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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 1999