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Development, Vol 127, Issue 22 4877-4889, Copyright © 2000 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Development of cranial parasympathetic ganglia requires sequential actions of GDNF and neurturin

H Enomoto, RO Heuckeroth, JP Golden, EM Johnson and J Milbrandt
Department of Pathology and Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8118, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

The neurotrophic factors that influence the development and function of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system are obscure. Recently, neurturin has been found to provide trophic support to neurons of the cranial parasympathetic ganglion. Here we show that GDNF signaling via the RET/GFR(alpha)1 complex is crucial for the development of cranial parasympathetic ganglia including the submandibular, sphenopalatine and otic ganglia. GDNF is required early for proliferation and/or migration of the neuronal precursors for the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia. Neurturin exerts its effect later and is required for further development and maintenance of these neurons. This switch in ligand dependency during development is at least partly governed by the altered expression of GFR(&agr;) receptors, as evidenced by the predominant expression of GFR(&agr;)2 in these neurons after ganglion formation.
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