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Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
* Present address: Department of Molecular Biology, Moffett Building, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Present address: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Author for correspondence (e-mail: c.stern{at}ucl.ac.uk)
Accepted April 30, 2001
The posterior marginal zone (PMZ) of the chick embryo has Nieuwkoop centre-like properties: when transplanted to another part of the marginal zone, it induces a complete embryonic axis, without making a cellular contribution to the induced structures. However, when the PMZ is removed, the embryo can initiate axis formation from another part of the remaining marginal zone. Chick Vg1 can mimic the axis-inducing ability of the PMZ, but only when misexpressed somewhere within the marginal zone. We have investigated the properties that define the marginal zone as a distinct region. We show that the competence of the marginal zone to initiate ectopic primitive streak formation in response to cVg1 is dependent on Wnt activity. First, within the Wnt family, only Wnt8C is expressed in the marginal zone, in a gradient decreasing from posterior to anterior. Second, misexpression of Wnt1 in the area pellucida enables this region to form a primitive streak in response to cVg1. Third, the Wnt antagonists Crescent and Dkk-1 block the primitive streak-inducing ability of cVg1 in the marginal zone. These findings suggest that Wnt activity defines the marginal zone and allows cVg1 to induce an axis. We also present data suggesting some additional complexity: first, the Vg1 and Wnt pathways appear to regulate the expression of downstream components of each other’s pathway; and second, misexpression of different Wnt antagonists suggests that different classes of Wnts may cooperate with each other to regulate axis formation in the normal embryo.
Key words: Marginal zone, Induction, Primitive streak, Gastrulation, Nieuwkoop centre, Vg1, Wnt, Lef1, ß-catenin, JNK, Crescent, Dickkopf, Frizzled 8, Chick
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