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Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison,WI 53706, USA
* Present address: The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 117, Houston, TX 77030-4095, USA
Authors for correspondence (e-mail: sbcarrol{at}facstaff.wisc.edu or ghalder{at}odin.mdacc.tmc.edu)
Accepted June 4, 2001
The formation and identity of organs and appendages are regulated by specific selector genes that encode transcription factors that regulate potentially large sets of target genes. The DNA-binding domains of selector proteins often exhibit relatively low DNA-binding specificity in vitro. It is not understood how the target selectivity of most selector proteins is determined in vivo. The Scalloped selector protein controls wing development in Drosophila by regulating the expression of numerous target genes and forming a complex with the Vestigial protein. We show that binding of Vestigial to Scalloped switches the DNA-binding selectivity of Scalloped. Two conserved domains of the Vestigial protein that are not required for Scalloped binding in solution are required for the formation of the heterotetrameric Vestigial-Scalloped complex on DNA. We suggest that Vestigial affects the conformation of Scalloped to create a wing cell-specific DNA-binding selectivity. The modification of selector protein DNA-binding specificity by co-factors appears to be a general mechanism for regulating their target selectivity in vivo.
Key words: Selector gene, Co-factor, Transcription, Wing formation network, Drosophila
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