|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
1 Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group (School of Medicine), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
2 Department of Medicine (School of Medicine), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
3 Department of Animal Biology (School of Veterinary Medicine), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
4 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
*Author for correspondence (e-mail: pklein{at}hhmi.upenn.edu)
Accepted July 6, 2001
Wnts are a large family of secreted molecules implicated in numerous developmental processes. Frizzled proteins are likely receptors for Wnts and are required for Wnt signaling in invertebrates. A large number of vertebrate frizzled genes have also been identified, but their roles in mediating specific responses to endogenous Wnts have not been well defined. Using a functional assay in Xenopus, we have performed a large screen to identify potential interactions between Wnts and frizzleds. We find that signaling by Xwnt1, but not other Wnts, can be specifically enhanced by frizzled 3 (Xfz3). As both Xfz3 and Xwnt1 are highly localized to dorsal neural tissues that give rise to neural crest, we examined whether Xfz3 mediates Xwnt1 signaling in the formation of neural crest. Xfz3 specifically induces neural crest in ectodermal explants and in embryos, similar to Xwnt1, and at lower levels of expression, synergizes with Xwnt1 in neural crest induction. Furthermore, loss of Xfz3 function, either by depletion with a Xfz3-directed morpholino antisense oligonucleotide or by expression of an inhibitory form of Xfz3 (Nfz3), prevents Xwnt1-dependent neural crest induction in ectodermal explants and blocks neural crest formation in whole embryos. These results show that Xfz3 is required for Xwnt1 signaling in the formation of the neural crest in the developing vertebrate embryo.
Key words: Xenopus, Xwnt, Frizzled, Neural crest, Xfz3, Slug, Vertebrate embryo, Melanocyte
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. Grigoryan, P. Wend, A. Klaus, and W. Birchmeier Deciphering the function of canonical Wnt signals in development and disease: conditional loss- and gain-of-function mutations of {beta}-catenin in mice Genes & Dev., September 1, 2008; 22(17): 2308 - 2341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Zhao, K. Tanegashima, H. Ro, and I. B. Dawid Lrig3 regulates neural crest formation in Xenopus by modulating Fgf and Wnt signaling pathways Development, April 1, 2008; 135(7): 1283 - 1293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Hassler, C.-M. Cruciat, Y.-L. Huang, S. Kuriyama, R. Mayor, and C. Niehrs Kremen is required for neural crest induction in Xenopus and promotes LRP6-mediated Wnt signaling Development, December 1, 2007; 134(23): 4255 - 4263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wu, M. O'Donnell, A. D. Gitler, and P. S. Klein Kermit 2/XGIPC, an IGF1 receptor interacting protein, is required for IGF signaling in Xenopus eye development Development, September 15, 2006; 133(18): 3651 - 3660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. A. Yanfeng, C. Tan, R. J. Fagan, and P. S. Klein Phosphorylation of Frizzled-3 J. Biol. Chem., April 28, 2006; 281(17): 11603 - 11609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Tereshina, A. G. Zaraisky, and V. V. Novoselov Ras-dva, a member of novel family of small GTPases, is required for the anterior ectoderm patterning in the Xenopus laevis embryo Development, February 1, 2006; 133(3): 485 - 494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Morgan, J. M. Woltering, P. M. J. In der Rieden, A. J. Durston, and J. P. Thiery YY1 Regulates the Neural Crest-associated slug Gene in Xenopus laevis J. Biol. Chem., November 5, 2004; 279(45): 46826 - 46834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mercurio, B. Latinkic, N. Itasaki, R. Krumlauf, and J. C. Smith Connective-tissue growth factor modulates WNT signalling and interacts with the WNT receptor complex Development, May 1, 2004; 131(9): 2137 - 2147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Glavic, F. Silva, M. J. Aybar, F. Bastidas, and R. Mayor Interplay between Notch signaling and the homeoprotein Xiro1 is required for neural crest induction in Xenopus embryos Development, January 15, 2004; 131(2): 347 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Tribulo, M. J. Aybar, V. H. Nguyen, M. C. Mullins, and R. Mayor Regulation of Msx genes by a Bmp gradient is essential for neural crest specification Development, December 29, 2003; 130(26): 6441 - 6452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.-H. Monsoro-Burq, R. B. Fletcher, and R. M. Harland Neural crest induction by paraxial mesoderm in Xenopus embryos requires FGF signals Development, July 15, 2003; 130(14): 3111 - 3124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Spokony, Y. Aoki, N. Saint-Germain, E. Magner-Fink, and J.-P. Saint-Jeannet The transcription factor Sox9 is required for cranial neural crest development in Xenopus Development, March 3, 2003; 129(2): 421 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Yang, L. Topol, H. Lee, and J. Wu Wnt5a and Wnt5b exhibit distinct activities in coordinating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation Development, March 1, 2003; 130(5): 1003 - 1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Luo, Y.-H. Lee, J.-P. Saint-Jeannet, and T. D. Sargent Induction of neural crest in Xenopus by transcription factor AP2alpha PNAS, January 21, 2003; 100(2): 532 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Wang, N. Thekdi, P. M. Smallwood, J. P. Macke, and J. Nathans Frizzled-3 Is Required for the Development of Major Fiber Tracts in the Rostral CNS J. Neurosci., October 1, 2002; 22(19): 8563 - 8573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. I. Garcia-Castro, C. Marcelle, and M. Bronner-Fraser Ectodermal Wnt Function as a Neural Crest Inducer Science, August 2, 2002; 297(5582): 848 - 851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Tan, M. A. Deardorff, J.-P. Saint-Jeannet, J. Yang, A. Arzoumanian, and P. S. Klein Kermit, a frizzled interacting protein, regulates frizzled 3 signaling in neural crest development Development, October 1, 2001; 128(19): 3665 - 3674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
