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Directed differentiation of pluripotent cells to neural lineages: homogeneous formation and differentiation of a neurectoderm population

Joy Rathjen¹, Bryan P. Haines^1,*, Kathryn M. Hudson¹, Antonietta Nesci², Stephanie Dunn² and Peter D. Rathjen^1,3,

¹ Department of Molecular Biosciences,
² Cell Therapy Program and
³ ARC SRC for the Molecular Genetics of Development, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
^* Present address: Section of Gene Function and Regulation, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK

Author for correspondence (e-mail: peter.rathjen{at}adelaide.edu.au)

Accepted 8 March 2002

During embryogenesis the central and peripheral nervous systems arise from a neural precursor population, neurectoderm, formed during gastrulation. We demonstrate the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to neurectoderm in culture, in a manner which recapitulates embryogenesis, with the sequential and homogeneous formation of primitive ectoderm, neural plate and neural tube. Formation of neurectoderm occurs in the absence of extraembryonic endoderm or mesoderm and results in a stratified epithelium of cells with morphology, gene expression and differentiation potential consistent with positionally unspecified neural tube. Differentiation of this population to homogeneous populations of neural crest or glia was also achieved. Neurectoderm formation in culture allows elucidation of signals involved in neural specification and generation of implantable cell populations for therapeutic use.

Key words: Stem cells, Neurectoderm, Cell culture, Neural crest

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