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Development 129, 3555-3561 (2002)
© 2002 The Company of Biologists Limited

Evolving role of Antennapedia protein in arthropod limb patterning

Yasuhiro Shiga1,*, Ryusuke Yasumoto1, Hideo Yamagata1 and Shigeo Hayashi2,3,*

1 School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
2 National Institute of Genetics and Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken 411-8540 Japan
3 Morphogenetic Signaling Group, Riken Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047 Japan

*Authors for correspondence [e-mail: shayashi{at}cdb.riken.go.jp (fly strains) and yshiga{at}ls.toyaku.ac.jp (Daphnia methods and sequences)]

Accepted 10 May 2002

Evolutional changes in homeotic gene functions have contributed to segmental diversification of arthropodan limbs, but crucial molecular changes have not been identified to date. The first leg of the crustacean Daphnia lacks a prominent ventral branch found in the second to fourth legs. We show here that this phenotype correlates with the loss of Distal-less and concomitant expression of Antennapedia in the limb primordium. Unlike its Drosophila counterpart, Daphnia Antennapedia represses Distal-less in Drosophila assays, and the protein region conferring this activity was mapped to the N terminal region of the protein. The results imply that Dapnia Antennapedia specifies leg morphology by repressing Distal-less, and this activity was acquired through a change in protein structure after separation of crustaceans and insects.

Key words: HOM protein, Antennapedia, Distal-less, Evolution, Crustacean, Limb, Daphnia


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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2002