|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
1 The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Melbourne Hospital, Vic 3050, Australia
2 Embryology Unit, Childrens’ Medical Research Institute, Wentworthville, NSW 2145, Australia
* These authors contributed equally to this work
Present address: Centre for Early Human Development, Monash Institute of Reproduction and Development, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
Author for correspondence (e-mail: robb{at}wehi.edu.au)
Accepted 30 April 2002
In Xenopus, the Mix/Bix family of homeobox genes has been implicated in mesendoderm development. Mixl1 is the only known murine member of this family. To examine the role of Mixl1 in murine embryogenesis, we used gene targeting to create mice bearing a null mutation of Mixl1. Homozygous Mixl1 mutant embryos can be distinguished from their littermates by a marked thickening of the primitive streak. By the early somite stage, embryonic development is arrested, with the formation of abnormal head folds, foreshortened body axis, absence of heart tube and gut, deficient paraxial mesoderm, and an enlarged midline tissue mass that replaces the notochord. Development of extra-embryonic structures is generally normal except that the allantois is often disproportionately large for the size of the mutant embryo. In chimeras, Mixl1–/– mutant cells can contribute to all embryonic structures, with the exception of the hindgut, suggesting that Mixl1 activity is most crucial for endodermal differentiation. Mixl1 is therefore required for the morphogenesis of axial mesoderm, the heart and the gut during embryogenesis.
Key words: Mix, Bix, Homeobox, Gastrulation, Mesendoderm, Notochord, Node, Endoderm, Mouse
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. F. Schier Nodal Morphogens Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, November 1, 2009; 1(5): a003459 - a003459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Zhou, P. Su, L. Wang, J. Chen, M. Zimmermann, O. Genbacev, O. Afonja, M. C. Horne, T. Tanaka, E. Duan, et al. mTOR supports long-term self-renewal and suppresses mesoderm and endoderm activities of human embryonic stem cells PNAS, May 12, 2009; 106(19): 7840 - 7845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Irion, M.C. Nostro, S.J. Kattman, and G.M. Keller Directed Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells: From Developmental Biology to Therapeutic Applications Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, March 27, 2009; (2009) sqb.2008.73.065v1. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P. Davis, E. S. Ng, M. Costa, A. K. Mossman, K. Sourris, A. G. Elefanty, and E. G. Stanley Targeting a GFP reporter gene to the MIXL1 locus of human embryonic stem cells identifies human primitive streak-like cells and enables isolation of primitive hematopoietic precursors Blood, February 15, 2008; 111(4): 1876 - 1884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Zhang, J. Li, Z. Tan, C. Wang, T. Liu, L. Chen, J. Yong, W. Jiang, X. Sun, L. Du, et al. Short-term BMP-4 treatment initiates mesoderm induction in human embryonic stem cells Blood, February 15, 2008; 111(4): 1933 - 1941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Shen Nodal signaling: developmental roles and regulation Development, March 15, 2007; 134(6): 1023 - 1034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. P. L. Tam, P.-L. Khoo, S. L. Lewis, H. Bildsoe, N. Wong, T. E. Tsang, J. M. Gad, and L. Robb Sequential allocation and global pattern of movement of the definitive endoderm in the mouse embryo during gastrulation Development, January 15, 2007; 134(2): 251 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Glaser, D. Metcalf, L. Wu, A. H. Hart, L. DiRago, S. Mifsud, A. D'Amico, S. Dagger, C. Campo, A. C. Chan, et al. Enforced expression of the homeobox gene Mixl1 impairs hematopoietic differentiation and results in acute myeloid leukemia PNAS, October 31, 2006; 103(44): 16460 - 16465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Sakaguchi, Y. Kikuchi, A. Kuroiwa, H. Takeda, and D. Y. R. Stainier The yolk syncytial layer regulates myocardial migration by influencing extracellular matrix assembly in zebrafish Development, October 15, 2006; 133(20): 4063 - 4072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Willey, A. Ayuso-Sacido, H. Zhang, S. T. Fraser, K. E. Sahr, M. J. Adlam, M. Kyba, G. Q. Daley, G. Keller, and M. H. Baron Acceleration of mesoderm development and expansion of hematopoietic progenitors in differentiating ES cells by the mouse Mix-like homeodomain transcription factor Blood, April 15, 2006; 107(8): 3122 - 3130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Tada, T. Era, C. Furusawa, H. Sakurai, S. Nishikawa, M. Kinoshita, K. Nakao, T. Chiba, and S.-I. Nishikawa Characterization of mesendoderm: a diverging point of the definitive endoderm and mesoderm in embryonic stem cell differentiation culture Development, October 1, 2005; 132(19): 4363 - 4374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Shiraki, C.-J. Lai, Y. Hishikari, and S. Kume TGF-{beta} signaling potentiates differentiation of embryonic stem cells to Pdx-1 expressing endodermal cells Genes Cells, June 1, 2005; 10(6): 503 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Ng, L. Azzola, K. Sourris, L. Robb, E. G. Stanley, and A. G. Elefanty The primitive streak gene Mixl1 is required for efficient haematopoiesis and BMP4-induced ventral mesoderm patterning in differentiating ES cells Development, March 1, 2005; 132(5): 873 - 884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. S. O'Shea Self-renewal vs. Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Biol Reprod, December 1, 2004; 71(6): 1755 - 1765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kofron, C. Wylie, and J. Heasman The role of Mixer in patterning the early Xenopus embryo Development, May 15, 2004; 131(10): 2431 - 2441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kubo, K. Shinozaki, J. M. Shannon, V. Kouskoff, M. Kennedy, S. Woo, H. J. Fehling, and G. Keller Development of definitive endoderm from embryonic stem cells in culture Development, April 1, 2004; 131(7): 1651 - 1662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. P. L. Tam and J. Rossant Mouse embryonic chimeras: tools for studying mammalian development Development, December 22, 2003; 130(25): 6155 - 6163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. Kunwar, S. Zimmerman, J. T. Bennett, Y. Chen, M. Whitman, and A. F. Schier Mixer/Bon and FoxH1/Sur have overlapping and divergent roles in Nodal signaling and mesendoderm induction Development, December 1, 2003; 130(23): 5589 - 5599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
